ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a role in controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo, but does not require activation by parasite lipophosphoglycan.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Platelet DKK1 promotes tolerogenic dendritic cells and non-healing responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis.iScience · 2026Article
- An overview of host immune responses against Leishmania spp. infections.Human molecular genetics · 2025Review
- Mono-Palmitoyl-N-Alkylurea Ligands as Specific Activators of Human Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Heterodimer.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2024Article
- Paradoxical immune response in leishmaniasis: The role of toll-like receptors in disease progression.Parasite immunology · 2022Review
- Purinergic signaling: A new front-line determinant of resistance and susceptibility in leishmaniasis.Biomedical journal · 2022Review
- The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase contributes to neutrophil-driven pathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Article
- HIF-α Activation Impacts Macrophage Function during MurinePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- TLR2 Signaling in Skin Nonhematopoietic Cells Induces Early Neutrophil Recruitment in Response to Leishmania major Infection.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2019Article
- Glycoconjugates of Gram-negative bacteria and parasitic protozoa - are they similar in orchestrating the innate immune response?Innate immunity · 2019Review
- Parasite Specific Antibody Levels, Interferon-γ and TLR2 and TLR4 Transcripts in Blood from Dogs with Different Clinical Stages of Leishmaniosis.Veterinary sciences · 2018Article
- Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- The inflammatory cytokine effect of Pam3CSK4 TLR2 agonist alone or in combination with Leishmania infantum antigen on ex-vivo whole blood from sick and resistant dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite several studies reporting involvement of the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the recognition of surface glycolipids from Leishmania parasites in vitro, the role of TLR2 and its co-receptors during cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in vivo is unknown.
methodsTo explore the role of TLR2 and its co-receptors in cutaneous leishmaniasis, mice deficient in either TLR2, 4, 1 or 6, or wild-type (WT) controls, were infected with either Leishmania major promastigotes, L. mexicana promastigotes, L. mexicana amastigotes, or LPG1
resultsMice deficient in TLR2 and TLR4 presented with larger lesions and higher parasite burdens than WT controls. Mice lacking TLR2 co-receptors TLR1 or TLR6 did not show exacerbated infection, suggesting that TLR2 does not require either co-receptor in the recognition of Leishmania infection. Furthermore, it appears that lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is not the major mediator of TLR2 activation during infection with L. mexicana, as parasites lacking LPG (axenic amastigotes and LPG1
conclusionsTLR2 deficiency leads to exacerbation of disease and parasite burden through promotion of Th2 immunity. TLR2 activation in vivo occurs independently of parasite LPG, suggesting other parasite ligands are involved in TLR2 recognition of Leishmania.
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