SynthesisBMC health services research2016
The impact of reimbursement systems on equity in access and quality of primary care: A systematic literature review.
Synthesis in BMC health services research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- General practice incentives: a review of the international literature.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Pooled it
- Institutional financial incentives in healthcare: a review of normative considerations.BMC medical ethics · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of primary care funding on health inequalities: an umbrella review.Primary health care research & development · 2025Pooled it
- Physical activity and exercise in adults diagnosed with primary brain cancer: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Pooled it
- The evidence gap on gendered impacts of performance-based financing among family physicians for chronic disease care: a systematic review reanalysis in contexts of single-payer universal coverage.Human resources for health · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of pay-for-performance for primary care physicians on diabetes outcomes in single-payer health systems: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal Medicare Reimbursement Trends and Economic Clusters in Otologic/Neurotologic Surgery.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Payment mechanisms to improve prevention spending in health care settings: A policy-focused evidence brief.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Interventions for health equity with a One Health focus: a review of reviews.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Telemedicine Public Reimbursement Models for National and Subnational Jurisdictions: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- How does the dual policy-the C-DRG-based reimbursement system and subsidy policy for appropriate Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) techniques-influence physicians' choice of disease treatment methods in TCM hospitals?Health economics review · 2025Article
- Will blended family physician payment models revive primary care in Canada?Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025Article
- Adjusting primary-care funding by deprivation: a cross-sectional study of Lower layer Super Output Areas in England.BJGP open · 2025Article
- The Cost Effectiveness of Adjunctive Medical Cannabis Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Article
- Possible connections between health equity and primary health care: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- General practice characteristics associated with pay-for-performance in the UK: a systematic review.BJGP open · 2025Article
- General practitioners may improve cervical screening equality in France.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Evaluating the impact of the 2010 Swedish choice reform in primary health care on avoidable hospitalization and socioeconomic inequities: an interrupted time series analysis using register data.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Transforming Health Care Delivery: Innovations in Payment Models for Interprofessional Team-Based Care.North Carolina medical journal · 2024Review
- From office to digital primary care services: analysing income-related inequalities in utilization.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReimbursement systems provide incentives to health care providers and may drive physician behaviour. This review assesses the impact of reimbursement system on socioeconomic and racial inequalities in access, utilization and quality of primary care.
methodsA systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PubMed for English language studies published between 1980 and 2013, supplemented by reference tracking. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, and data extraction and critical appraisal were performed by two authors independently. Data were synthesized in a narrative manner and categorized according to study outcome and reimbursement system.
resultsTwenty seven articles, mostly from the United States and United Kingdom, were included in the data synthesis. Reimbursement systems seem to have limited effect on socioeconomic and racial inequity in access, utilization and quality of primary care. Capitation might have a more beneficial impact on inequity in access to primary care and number of ambulatory care sensitive admissions than fee-for-service, but did worse in patient satisfaction. Pay-for-performance had little or no impact on socioeconomic and racial inequity in the management of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and preventive services.
conclusionWe found little scientific evidence supporting an association between reimbursement system and socioeconomic or racial inequity in access, utilization and quality of primary care. Overall, few studies addressed this research question, and heterogeneity in context and outcomes complicates comparisons across studies. Further empirical studies are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.