Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27716062›Full record

ArticleBMC genomics2016

Genotyping of whole genome amplified reduced representation libraries reveals a cryptic population of Culicoides brevitarsis in the Northern Territory, Australia.

Maria G Onyango, Nicola C Aitken, Cameron Jack, Aaron Chuah, James Oguya, Appolinaire Djikeng, Steve Kemp, Glenn A Bellis, Adrian Nicholas, Peter J Walker and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Maria G OnyangoCSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portalington Road, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia.
Nicola C AitkenResearch School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Cameron JackThe John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Aaron ChuahThe John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
James OguyaInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Appolinaire DjikengInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Steve KempInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Glenn A BellisNorthern Australia Quarantine Strategy, 1 Pederson Road, Marrara, 0812, NT, Australia.
Adrian NicholasNSW Department of Primary Industries, Biosecurity, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, 2340, NSW, Australia.
Peter J WalkerCSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portalington Road, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia.
Jean-Bernard DucheminCSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portalington Road, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia. Jean-Bernard.Duchemin@csiro.au.ORCID 0000-0001-5044-4855

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe advent of genotyping by Next Generation Sequencing has enabled rapid discovery of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and high throughput genotyping of large populations at an affordable cost. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS), a reduced representation library sequencing method, allows highly multiplexed sequencing of genomic subsets. This method has limitations for small organisms with low amounts of genomic DNA, such as the bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors, Culicoides midges.

resultsThis study employed the GBS method to isolate SNP markers de novo from whole genome amplified Culicoides brevitarsis genomic DNA. The individuals were collected from regions representing two different Australian patterns of BTV strain distribution: the Northern Territory (NT) and the east coast. We isolated 8145 SNPs using GBS. Phylogenetic analysis conducted using the filtered 3263 SNPs revealed the presence of a distinct C. brevitarsis sub-population in the NT and this was confirmed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Two loci showed a very strong signal for selection and were unique to the NT population. Bayesian analysis with STRUCTURE indicated a possible two-population cluster.

conclusionsThe results suggest that genotyping vectors with high density markers in combination with biological and environmental data is useful. However, more extensive sampling over a wider spatial and temporal range is needed. The presence of sub-structure in populations and loci under natural selection indicates the need for further investigation of the role of vectors in shaping the two Australian systems of BTV transmission. The described workflow is transferable to genotyping of small, non-model organisms, including arthropod vectors of pathogens of economic and medical importance.

Indexed as

Genetics, PopulationGenome, InsectGenomicsGenotypeAnimalsBayes TheoremCeratopogonidaeElectron Transport Complex IVGene LibraryGenes, MitochondrialHaplotypesNorthern TerritoryPhylogenyPolymorphism, Single NucleotideQuantitative Trait LociSelection, GeneticElectron Transport Complex IVAustraliaBluetongue virusCulicoides brevitarsisGBSSNPs

Identifiers

PMID27716062
PMCPMC5045647

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.