Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27714442›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2017

Excess mortality following hip fracture: impact of self-perceived health, smoking, and body mass index. A NOREPOS study.

S M Solbakken, H E Meyer, H Stigum, A J Søgaard, K Holvik, J H Magnus, T K Omsland

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The impact of body mass index on mortality rates of hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  6. Observational
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  12. Grip strength in men and women aged 50-79 years is associated with non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture during 15 years follow-up: The Tromsø Study 1994-1995.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020
    Article
  13. Hip Fracture Trends in America Between 2009 and 2016.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

S M SolbakkenInstitute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway. s.m.solbakken@studmed.uio.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-5324
H E MeyerInstitute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway.
H StigumInstitute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway.
A J SøgaardNorwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
K HolvikNorwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
J H MagnusSection for Leadership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1078 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
T K OmslandInstitute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-perceived health, smoking, and body mass index measured years before the hip fracture predicted excess post-hip fracture mortality, and even hip fracture patients with the most favorable levels of these risk factors had higher mortality than subjects who did not fracture.

introductionThis study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-fracture self-perceived health, smoking, and body mass index (BMI) on excess post-hip fracture mortality using matched peers without hip fracture as reference.

methodsThe study was based on the Cohort of Norway (CONOR) consisting of 10 regional health studies (1994-2003) and the NOREPOS hip fracture database (1994-2008). A matched cohort design was used to compare survival between hip fracture patients and subjects without fracture (matched on gender, age at participation in CONOR, and study site). Subjects aged ≥60 years were included. Hazard ratios were estimated using stratified Cox regression. Age-standardized mortality was also calculated.

resultsOverall, hip fracture patients (N = 3177) had a 2.26-fold (95 % CI 2.13, 2.40) increased mortality compared to matched subjects (N = 20,282). The highest excess mortality was found in hip fracture patients reporting poor health (HR 4.08, 95 % CI 3.17, 5.26) and daily smoking (HR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.89, 3.66) and in patients with BMI <18.5 (HR 3.07, 95 % CI 2.11, 4.47) prior to the fracture. However, excess mortality was also observed in hip fracture patients in all other categories of BMI, self-perceived health, and smoking.

conclusionsInformation on self-perceived health, smoking, and BMI collected years before hip fracture predicted excess post-hip fracture mortality, and even hip fracture patients with the most favorable levels of these risk factors had higher mortality than the matched subjects who did not fracture. This suggests that both pre-fracture health status and factors related to the hip fracture itself might affect post-hip fracture mortality.

Indexed as

Self ConceptAgedAged, 80 and overBody Mass IndexCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualFemaleHealth StatusHip FracturesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorwayOsteoporotic FracturesRisk FactorsBody mass indexExcess mortalityHip fractureSelf-perceived healthSmoking

Identifiers

PMID27714442

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.