ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2010
Theophylline.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smell in Covid-19 and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline
Fluvoxamine to Augment Olfactory Recovery For Long COVID-19 Parosmia (FluCOP Trial)
Smell in COVID-19 and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline 3
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Oral Doxofylline and Procaterol on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Crossover Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Saline Nasal Irrigation Plus Theophylline for Treatment of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: The SCENT2 Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2022Trial
- Intravesical aminophylline instillation as an alternative for balloon dilatation prior to semi-rigid ureteroscopic management of distal ureteral stones.World journal of urology · 2022Trial
- Perfusion Changes in Acute Stroke Treated with Theophylline as an Add-on to Thrombolysis : A Randomized Clinical Trial Subgroup Analysis.Clinical neuroradiology · 2022Trial
- Smell Changes and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline (SCENT) irrigation: A randomized controlled trial for treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction.American journal of otolaryngologyTrial
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Storage Stability and Cytotoxicity of Co-Spray-Dried Theophylline Dry Powders for Inhalation: Follow-Up Study.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Solubility-Permeability-Matrix Interplay in Percutaneous Absorption Exemplified by Theophylline.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Exploring 1400 Plasma Metabolites and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Early Cessation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Theophylline Toxicity: A Case Report With Literature Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- A green marriage: the union of theophylline's catalytic activity and healing potential.RSC advances · 2025Review
- APurinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Treatment of lung diseasesMaterials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Corticosteroid insensitivity in obese asthma: potential mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Paraxanthine enhances memory and neuroplasticity more than caffeine in rats.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Pediatric Asthma's Evolution and Management.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of adenosinergic manipulations on amygdala-kindled seizures in mice: Implications for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2024Article
- Application of nano- and micro-particle-based approaches for selected bronchodilators in management of asthma.3 Biotech · 2024Review
- Evaluation and clinical application of a bracketing calibration-based isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry candidate reference measurement procedure for serum theophylline.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- The Other Side of the Perfect Cup: Coffee-Derived Non-Polyphenols and Their Roles in Mitigating Factors Affecting the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting cAMP signaling and phosphodiesterase 4 for liver disease treatment.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Theophylline (3-methyxanthine) has been used to treat airway diseases for over 70 years. It was originally used as a bronchodilator but the relatively high doses required are associated with frequent side effects, so its use declined as inhaled β₂-agonists became more widely used. More recently it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in asthma and COPD at lower concentrations. The molecular mechanism of bronchodilatation is inhibition of phosphodiesterase(PDE)3 and PDE4, but the anti-inflammatory effect may be due to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activation, resulting in switching off of activated inflammatory genes. Through this mechanism theophylline also reverses corticosteroid resistance and this may be of particular value in severe asthma and COPD where HDAC2 activity is markedly reduced. Theophylline is given systemically (orally as slow-release preparations for chronic treatment and intravenously for acute exacerbations of asthma) and blood concentrations are determined mainly by hepatic metabolism, which may be increased or decreased in several diseases and by concomitant drug therapy. Theophylline is now usually used as an add-on therapy in asthma patients not well controlled on inhaled corticosteroids and in COPD patients with severe disease not controlled by bronchodilator therapy. Side effects are related to plasma concentrations and include nausea, vomiting and headaches due to PDE inhibition and at higher concentrations to cardiac arrhythmias and seizures due to adenosine A₁-receptor antagonism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.