ReviewAntiviral research2016
A chronological review of experimental infection studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.
Review in Antiviral research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the occurrence of Hyalomma ticks associated with birds migrating between Africa and the Northern Hemisphere.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Enzootic Cycle and Factors Favoring Virus Transmission: Special Focus on France, an Apparently Free-Disease Area in Europe.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: From enzootic maintenance to severe human disease.Virulence · 2026Review
- Dispersal ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Viral dissemination and diagnostic insights from experimental infection of sheep with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Infection in the Small Ruminant Population in N. Macedonia: A Seroepidemiological Study as a Step Towards Better Understanding of the CCHF Epidemiology in the Country.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An emerging threat in Europe.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Predictors of Fatal Outcomes and Prolonged Hospitalization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Basrah, Iraq.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus protein GP38 from isolate M18-China confers broad immunological breadth.Research square · 2026Article
- Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus circulates within broad ecological networks of ticks and vertebrates.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Skin Deep: Uncovering the Early Events of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus at the Tick-Host-Virus Interface.Viruses · 2026Review
- Field vaccination against CCHFV and Hyalomma tick infestation reduces multiple tick-borne infections in sheep.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Host Community Traits Driving Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Maintenance in Iberian Ecosystems.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Phylogeography and structure of Hyalomma marginatum populations in the context of Corsica, France.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of Jingmen tick virus in Jiangsu, China.Virology journal · 2025Article
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- Drivers of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Natural Host and Effects of Control Measures, Bulgaria.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Tick-Borne Viruses in a Changing Climate: The Expanding Threat in Africa and Beyond.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mixed crop-livestock farmers on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and other zoonoses in Burkina Faso.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This article provides a definitive review of experimental studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the etiologic agent of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), beginning with the first recognized outbreak of the human disease in Crimea in 1944. Published reports by researchers in the former Soviet Union, Bulgaria, South Africa, and other countries where CCHF has been observed show that CCHFV is maintained in nature in a tick-vertebrate-tick enzootic cycle. Human disease most commonly results from the bite of an infected tick, but may also follow crushing of infected ticks or exposure to the blood and tissues of infected animals during slaughter. Wild and domestic animals are susceptible to infection with CCHFV, but do not develop clinical illness. Vertebrates are important in CCHF epidemiology, as they provide blood meals to support tick populations, transport ticks across wide geographic areas, and transmit CCHFV to ticks and humans during the period of viremia. Many aspects of vertebrate involvement in the maintenance and spread of CCHFV are still poorly understood. Experimental investigations in wild animals and livestock provide important data to aid our understanding of CCHFV ecology. This article is the second in a series of reviews of more than 70 years of research on CCHF, summarizing important findings, identifying gaps in knowledge, and suggesting directions for future research.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.