ReviewAdvances in virus research2016
Coronavirus Spike Protein and Tropism Changes.
Review in Advances in virus research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04349592 (Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Azithromycin for Virologic Cure of COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 287 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Azithromycin for Virologic Cure of COVID-19
Who cites it
287 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 483 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review: A systematic review of virus-like particles of coronavirus: Assembly, generation, chimerism and their application in basic research and in the clinic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiology and Etiopathogeny of COVID-19.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Pooled it
- Monoclonal antibodies target conserved S1mBio · 2026Article
- Identification of Conserved B-Cell Epitope Candidates Associated with Neutralizing Activity of Bovine Coronavirus Spike Protein.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- A Review: Bovine Coronavirus Evolution, Molecular Epidemiology, and Genetic Variation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Evaluation of a proposed link between the SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site and mouse-adapted MERS-coronavirus MA30.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity of bovine coronaviruses from recurrent outbreaks on a large-scale cattle farm.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Computational design of an ultrapotent deltacoronavirus miniprotein inhibitor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Cetacean coronavirus spikes highlight S glycoprotein structural plasticity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Host Glycan-Lectin Interplay in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Swine Enteric Coronaviruses: An Updated Overview of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- A Recombinant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with Multiple S2 Subunit Mutations from China: Isolation, Genetic Characterization, and Pathogenicity Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Respiratory epithelial cells as central mediators of immune crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vaccination-driven evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in Korea: implication for the control of other coronavirus infections.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- The Interaction Between Orientin and the Spike of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico and Experimental Approach.Viruses · 2025Article
- PEDV Structural Proteins with Emphasis on M Protein as an Immunomodulatory Factor in Porcine Innate Immunity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Detection and genetic characterization of alphacoronaviruses in co-roosting bat species, southeastern Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Dipeptidase 1 is a functional receptor for a porcine coronavirus.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and genetic characterization of diarrhea viruses among cattle in Guangdong, China.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
227 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) have a remarkable potential to change tropism. This is particularly illustrated over the last 15 years by the emergence of two zoonotic CoVs, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)- and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Due to their inherent genetic variability, it is inevitable that new cross-species transmission events of these enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses will occur. Research into these medical and veterinary important pathogens-sparked by the SARS and MERS outbreaks-revealed important principles of inter- and intraspecies tropism changes. The primary determinant of CoV tropism is the viral spike (S) entry protein. Trimers of the S glycoproteins on the virion surface accommodate binding to a cell surface receptor and fusion of the viral and cellular membrane. Recently, high-resolution structures of two CoV S proteins have been elucidated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Using this new structural insight, we review the changes in the S protein that relate to changes in virus tropism. Different concepts underlie these tropism changes at the cellular, tissue, and host species level, including the promiscuity or adaptability of S proteins to orthologous receptors, alterations in the proteolytic cleavage activation as well as changes in the S protein metastability. A thorough understanding of the key role of the S protein in CoV entry is critical to further our understanding of virus cross-species transmission and pathogenesis and for development of intervention strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.