Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27711863›Full record

ArticleFood & function2016

Bacterial components are the major contributors to the macrophage stimulating activity exhibited by extracts of common edible mushrooms.

Heather L Tyler, Mona H Haron, Nirmal D Pugh, Jin Zhang, Colin R Jackson, David S Pasco

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Food & function, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Heather L TylerCrop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 32776, USA and Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
Mona H HaronNational Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
Nirmal D PughNational Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
Jin ZhangNational Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
Colin R JacksonDepartment of Biology, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
David S PascoNational Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA. dpasco@olemiss.edu.
Bridge University · SSUniversity of Mississippi · US

Funding

Immune Enhancing Echinacea Bacterial EndophytesR01AT007042 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI · PI PASCO, DAVID S · 2012 to 2014
$1.0M
NCCIH NIH HHS R01 AT007042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent studies have indicated that a major contributor to the innate immune enhancing properties of some medicinal plants is derived from the cell wall components of bacteria colonizing these plants. The purpose of the current study was to assess if the bacteria present within edible and medicinal mushrooms substantially contribute to the innate immune stimulating potential of these mushrooms. Whole mushrooms from thirteen types of edible fungi and individual parts from Agaricus bisporus were analyzed for in vitro macrophage activation as well as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) content, cell load, and community composition. Substantial variation between samples was observed in macrophage activation (over 500-fold), total bacterial load (over 200-fold), and LPS content (over 10 million-fold). Both LPS content (ρ = 0.832, p < 0.0001) and total bacterial load (ρ = 0.701, p < 0.0001) correlated significantly with macrophage activation in the whole mushroom extracts. Extract activity was negated by treatment with NaOH, conditions that inactivate LPS and other bacterial components. Significant correlations between macrophage activation and total bacterial load (ρ = 0.723, p = 0.0001) and LPS content (ρ = 0.951, p < 0.0001) were also observed between different tissues of Agaricus bisporus. Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium were the most prevalent genera identified in the different tissue parts and these taxa were significantly correlated with in vitro macrophage activation (ρ = 0.697, p < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.659, p = 0.0001, respectively). These results indicate that components derived from mushroom associated bacteria contribute substantially to the innate immune enhancing activity exhibited by mushrooms and may result in similar therapeutic actions as reported for ingestion of bacterial preparations such as probiotics.

Indexed as

AgaricalesAnimalsBacteriaComplex MixturesMacrophagesMiceRAW 264.7 CellsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SComplex MixturesRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID27711863
PMCPMC5455775
OpenAlexW2523487161

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.