ArticlePloS one2016
Cell-Free Phospholipid Biosynthesis by Gene-Encoded Enzymes Reconstituted in Liposomes.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combinatorial Optimization of Protein Systems in Synthetic Cells.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial lipid synthesizing enzymes PlsY and PlsC utilize both stereo-forms of glycerol-phosphate.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Image-based phenotypic sorting of synthetic cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- A synthetic cell with integrated DNA self-replication and lipid biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synthetic cells by the numbers.iScience · 2025Review
- Synthetic Lipid Biology.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Cell-Free Gene Expression: Methods and Applications.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Challenges in observing transcription-translation for bottom-up synthetic biology.QRB discovery · 2025Review
- Leveraging Active Learning to Establish Efficient In Vitro Transcription and Translation from Bacterial Chromosomal DNA.ACS omega · 2024Article
- SecYEG-mediated translocation in a model synthetic cell.Synthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Concepts of a synthetic minimal cell: Information molecules, metabolic pathways, and vesicle reproduction.Biophysics and physicobiology · 2024Article
- Engineering Tissue-Scale Properties with Synthetic Cells: Forging One from Many.ACS synthetic biology · 2023Review
- Synthesising a minimal cell with artificial metabolic pathways.Communications chemistry · 2023Article
- Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology Using Cell-Free Protein Synthesis.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2023Review
- Evolution of Proliferative Model Protocells Highly Responsive to the Environment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Phospholipid synthesis inside phospholipid membrane vesicles.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Shaping Liposomes by Cell-Free Expressed Bacterial Microtubules.ACS synthetic biology · 2021Article
- Synthesis of lipid membranes for artificial cells.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2021Review
- Boundary-Free Ribosome Compartmentalization by Gene Expression on a Surface.ACS synthetic biology · 2021Article
- Small Antisense DNA-Based Gene Silencing Enables Cell-Free Bacteriophage Manipulation and Genome Replication.ACS synthetic biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The goal of bottom-up synthetic biology culminates in the assembly of an entire cell from separate biological building blocks. One major challenge resides in the in vitro production and implementation of complex genetic and metabolic pathways that can support essential cellular functions. Here, we show that phospholipid biosynthesis, a multiple-step process involved in cell membrane homeostasis, can be reconstituted starting from the genes encoding for all necessary proteins. A total of eight E. coli enzymes for acyl transfer and headgroup modifications were produced in a cell-free gene expression system and were co-translationally reconstituted in liposomes. Acyl-coenzyme A and glycerol-3-phosphate were used as canonical precursors to generate a variety of important bacterial lipids. Moreover, this study demonstrates that two-step acyl transfer can occur from enzymes synthesized inside vesicles. Besides clear implications for growth and potentially division of a synthetic cell, we postulate that gene-based lipid biosynthesis can become instrumental for ex vivo and protein purification-free production of natural and non-natural lipids.
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