ArticlePloS one2016
Measuring and Characterizing the Human Nasal Cycle.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal dominance potentiates intranasal oxytocin's anxiolytic effects.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Exploring the Relationships Between Clinical Examination Findings, Subjective Reported Symptoms and Objective Nasal Patency Measures in Nasal Obstruction: A Baseline NAIROS Sub-Study Analysis.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of septoplasty compared to medical management in adults with obstruction associated with a deviated nasal septum: the NAIROS RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Trial
- Formulation considerations in enhancing olfactory mucosal deposition for nose-to-brain drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Flagging Septum: New Concept to Describe Septal Support Loss and Its Impact on the Nasal Cycle.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Differential effects of unilateral forced nostril breathing on baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular parameters in healthy young men: A cross-sectional study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Gaussian Mixture Modeling of MRI-Derived Torus Tubarius and Inferior Turbinate Mucosal Morphometrics: Implications for Nasal Cycling and Eustachian Tube Interventions.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Creating nasal cycle simulations by processing MRI and CT scan data with image morphing algorithms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Exchange Breathing Method for Seizure Intervention: A Historical and Scientific Review of Epilepsy and Its Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- A Sleep Sensor Made with Electret Condenser Microphones.Clocks & sleep · 2025Article
- On the nose: nasal neurostimulation as a technology countermeasure for sinonasal congestion in astronauts.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Pathophysiologic similarities between autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic possibilities.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuronal oscillations and functional connectivity of paced nostril breathing: A high-density EEG study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Discriminating Parkinson's disease patients from healthy controls using nasal respiratory airflow.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Real-time observation of nasal cycle during sleep with polysomnography.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Humans without a sense of smell breathe differently.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Numerical simulation of the influence of nasal cycle on nasal airflow.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Breathing Right… or Left! The Effects of Unilateral Nostril Breathing on Psychological and Cognitive Wellbeing: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Assessing Nasal Epithelial Dynamics: Impact of the Natural Nasal Cycle on Intranasal Spray Deposition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nasal turbinate lymphatic obstruction: a proposed new paradigm in the etiology of essential hypertension.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nasal airflow is greater in one nostril than in the other because of transient asymmetric nasal passage obstruction by erectile tissue. The extent of obstruction alternates across nostrils with periodicity referred to as the nasal cycle. The nasal cycle is related to autonomic arousal and is indicative of asymmetry in brain function. Moreover, alterations in nasal cycle periodicity have been linked to various diseases. There is therefore need for a tool allowing continuous accurate measurement and recording of airflow in each nostril separately. Here we provide detailed instructions for constructing such a tool at minimal cost and effort. We demonstrate application of the tool in 33 right-handed healthy subjects, and derive several statistical measures for nasal cycle characterization. Using these measures applied to 24-hour recordings we observed that: 1: subjects spent slightly longer in left over right nostril dominance (left = 2.63 ± 0.89 hours, right = 2.17 ± 0.89 hours, t(32) = 2.07, p < 0.05), 2: cycle duration was shorter in wake than in sleep (wake = 2.02 ± 1.7 hours, sleep = 4.5 ± 1.7 hours, (t(30) = 5.73, p < 0.0001). 3: slower breathing was associated with a more powerful cycle (the extent of difference across nostrils) (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001), and 4: the cycle was influenced by body posture such that lying on one side was associated with greater flow in the contralateral nostril (p < 0.002). Finally, we provide evidence for an airflow cycle in each nostril alone. These results provide characterization of an easily obtained measure that may have diagnostic implications for neurological disease and cognitive state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.