ReviewPediatric research2017
Evolution of surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome: past, present, and future.
Review in Pediatric research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Care of Preterm and Term Newborns with Respiratory Conditions: A Systematic Synthesis of Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Neonatology · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Hippocampal Volume and Episodic Memory in Preterm and Term Born Individuals.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Compared to Intubation, Surfactant, Rapid Extubation Method in Preterm Neonates: An Umbrella Review.Neonatology · 2024Pooled it
- Health Economic Studies of Surfactant Replacement Therapy in Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) versus Intubation Surfactant Extubation (InSurE) technique using higher volume surfactant in management of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: an open-label randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Construction and evaluation of neonatal respiratory failure risk prediction model for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Trial
- Transnasal Administration of Surfactant Aerosol to the Lungs of Infants Using Direct Interfaces - Lessons Learned from Computational Fluid Dynamics.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Surfactant Treatment for Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Nationwide Survey.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Collaboration between Japanese and international scientists in developing and commercializing of exogenous surfactant.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Which surfactant is cost-effective in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome?Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Outcomes and complications of invasive versus non-invasive respiratory support in extremely preterm infants: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in surfactant replacement therapy among U.S. infants, 2016-2024.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Computerized chest radiograph analysis of air distribution after surfactant treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in extremely preterm infants.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Prolonged Hyperoxia Exposure is an Independent Predictor for Moderate to Severe Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Extremely Premature Neonates.Research square · 2025Article
- Storage and in-use stability of an excipient enhanced growth (EEG) synthetic lung surfactant powder formulation.Drug development and industrial pharmacy · 2025Article
- Surfactant-Enabled Nanocarriers in Breast Cancer Therapy: Targeted Delivery and Multidrug Resistance Reversal.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Characterization of atomization and delivery efficiency of exogenous surfactant in preterm infant lungs using an ex vivo respiratory model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Surfactant treatment at birth in a contemporary cohort of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Observational
- Deep Learning Model for Prediction of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants Using Chest Radiographs.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to surfactant deficiency is the most common cause of respiratory failure in preterm infants. Tremendous progress has been made since the original description that surfactant deficiency is the major cause of RDS. Surfactant therapy has been extensively studied in preterm infants and has been shown to significantly decrease air leaks and neonatal and infant mortality. Synthetic and animal-derived surfactants from bovine as well as porcine origin have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials. Animal-derived surfactants generally result in faster weaning of respiratory support, shorter duration of invasive ventilation, and decreased mortality when compared to first- or second-generation of synthetic surfactants, but some of the second-generation synthetic surfactants are at least not inferior to the animal-derived surfactants. Using a higher initial dose of porcine derived surfactant may provide better outcomes when compared with using lower doses of bovine surfactants, likely, due to compositional difference and/or the dose. Third-generation synthetic surfactant containing peptide analogs of surfactant protein B and C are currently being studied. Less invasive intra-tracheal surfactant administration techniques in spontaneously breathing neonate receiving noninvasive ventilator support are also being evaluated. In the present era, prophylactic surfactant is not recommended as it may increase the risk of lung injury or death. In the future, surfactants may be used as vector to deliver steroids, or used in combination with molecules, such as, recombinant Club Cell Protein-10 (rhCC-10) to improve pulmonary outcomes. Also, noninvasive surfactant administration techniques, such as aerosolization or atomization of surfactant may play a greater role in the future.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.