Trial reportDiabetologia2016
Efficacy of single-hormone and dual-hormone artificial pancreas during continuous and interval exercise in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: randomised controlled crossover trial.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-label, Randomized, Cross-over Study to Compare the Efficacy of Single-hormone Closed-loop Strategy and Dual-hormone Closed-loop Strategy at Regulating Glucose Levels During Continuous Exercise and Interval Exercise in Adults With Type-1 Diabetes
Day and Night Closed-Loop Glycemic Control With Faster-Acting Insulin Aspart in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using DreaMed Glucositter - The Fast PHYSI-DREAM Study
A Pilot Study to Assess Closed-loop Insulin Delivery to Regulate Glucose Levels in Children With Type 1 Diabetes in Outpatient Free-living Settings.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Eli Lilly's Insulin Dosing Algorithm to Control Glycemia in Insulin-treated Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Evaluation of Dual-hormone Artificial Pancreas With Closed-loop Glucose Control Versus Single-hormone With Carbohydrate Recommendations Under Unannounced Exercise and Meal Challenge in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-Dose Glucagon to Prevent and Treat Exercise-Associated Hypoglycemia in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Diabetes care · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study Evaluating Glucose Control During Exercise Initiated 1 or 2 h After a Meal in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Treated with an Automated Insulin Delivery System.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Trial
- Performance of a dual-hormone closed-loop system versus insulin-only closed-loop system in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A single-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Prediction of Hypoglycemia During Aerobic Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Trial
- Low doses of dasiglucagon consistently increase plasma glucose levels from hypoglycaemia and euglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- Closed-loop insulin delivery in suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, 12-week randomised trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Randomized Outpatient Trial of Single- and Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop Systems That Adapt to Exercise Using Wearable Sensors.Diabetes care · 2018Trial
- Fully Closed-Loop Multiple Model Probabilistic Predictive Controller Artificial Pancreas Performance in Adolescents and Adults in a Supervised Hotel Setting.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2018Trial
- Closed-Loop Control During Intense Prolonged Outdoor Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Artificial Pancreas Ski Study.Diabetes care · 2017Trial
- Closed-loop glucose control in young people with type 1 diabetes during and after unannounced physical activity: a randomised controlled crossover trial.Diabetologia · 2017Trial
- Metabolic Responses to Exercise and Nutritional Strategies in Type 1 Diabetes Using Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Physical activity and hybrid closed loop technology in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus - what are the challenges experienced by the users and how are these met? A qualitative interview study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Continuous insulin monitoring using an antibody-protecting zwitterionic microneedle patch.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Event-triggered smart dual hormone artificial pancreas for patient-specific drug delivery.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- The 'Designer' Artificial Pancreas: How Does Current Technology Mimic Pancreatic Physiology?Cureus · 2025Review
- Review
- Effects of postprandial exercise on blood glucose levels in adults with type 1 diabetes: a review.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Strengths and Challenges of Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery During Exercise in People With Type 1 Diabetes: Potential Future Directions.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess whether the dual-hormone (insulin and glucagon) artificial pancreas reduces hypoglycaemia compared with the single-hormone (insulin alone) artificial pancreas during two types of exercise.
methodsAn open-label randomised crossover study comparing both systems in 17 adults with type 1 diabetes (age, 37.2 ± 13.6 years; HbA
resultsDuring single-hormone control compared with dual-hormone control, exercise-induced hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose <3.3 mmol/l with symptoms or <3.0 mmol/l regardless of symptoms) was observed in four (23.5%) vs two (11.8%) interventions (p = 0.5) for continuous exercise and in six (40%) vs one (6.25%) intervention (p = 0.07) for interval exercise. For the pooled analysis (single vs dual hormone), the median (interquartile range) percentage time spent at glucose levels below 4.0 mmol/l was 11% (0.0-46.7%) vs 0% (0-0%; p = 0.0001) and at glucose levels between 4.0 and 10.0 mmol/l was 71.4% (53.2-100%) vs 100% (100-100%; p = 0.003). Higher doses of glucagon were needed during continuous (0.126 ± 0.057 mg) than during interval exercise (0.093 ± 0.068 mg) (p = 0.03), with no reported side-effects in all interventions. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe dual-hormone artificial pancreas outperformed the single-hormone artificial pancreas in regulating glucose levels during announced exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01930110
funding: Société Francophone du Diabète and Diabète Québec.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.