ArticleScientific reports2016
Nematodes join the family of chondroitin sulfate-synthesizing organisms: Identification of an active chondroitin sulfotransferase in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycosaminoglycans in tissue regeneration: Insights into glycobiology and their biomedical application.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Article
- The Role of Sulfation in Nematode Development and Phenotypic Plasticity.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Imaging Glycosaminoglycan Modification Patterns In Vivo.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Characterization of C. elegans Chondroitin Proteoglycans and Their Large Functional and Structural Heterogeneity; Evolutionary Aspects on Structural Differences Between Humans and the Nematode.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan Windpipe modulates Hedgehog signaling inMolecular biology of the cell · 2020Article
- Anionic and zwitterionic moieties as widespread glycan modifications in non-vertebrates.Glycoconjugate journal · 2020Review
- Proteomics, Glycomics, and Glycoproteomics of Matrisome Molecules.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2019Review
- Structures and functions of invertebrate glycosylation.Open biology · 2019Review
- The parasitic nematode Oesophagostomum dentatum synthesizes unusual glycosaminoglycan-like O-glycans.Glycobiology · 2018Article
- Deciphering functional glycosaminoglycan motifs in development.Current opinion in structural biology · 2018Review
- Expanding the chondroitin glycoproteome ofThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Diverse roles for glycosaminoglycans in neural patterning.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2018Review
- Lipocalins Are Required for Apical Extracellular Matrix Organization and Remodeling inGenetics · 2017Article
- Separation and Purification of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) fromBio-protocol · 2017Article
- Chondroitin sulfate in invertebrate development.Proteoglycan researchArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proteoglycans are proteins that carry sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). They help form and maintain morphogen gradients, guiding cell migration and differentiation during animal development. While no sulfated GAGs have been found in marine sponges, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) have been identified in Cnidarians, Lophotrocozoans and Ecdysozoans. The general view that nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans, which belong to Ecdysozoa, produce HS but only chondroitin without sulfation has therefore been puzzling. We have analyzed GAGs in C. elegans using reversed-phase ion-pairing HPLC, mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Our analyses included wild type C. elegans but also a mutant lacking two HS sulfotransferases (hst-6 hst-2), as we suspected that the altered HS structure could boost CS sulfation. We could indeed detect sulfated CS in both wild type and mutant nematodes. While 4-O-sulfation of galactosamine dominated, we also detected 6-O-sulfated galactosamine residues. Finally, we identified the product of the gene C41C4.1 as a C. elegans CS-sulfotransferase and renamed it chst-1 (CarboHydrate SulfoTransferase) based on loss of CS-4-O-sulfation in a C41C4.1 mutant and in vitro sulfotransferase activity of recombinant C41C4.1 protein. We conclude that C. elegans indeed manufactures CS, making this widely used nematode an interesting model for developmental studies involving CS.
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