ReviewJournal of neurogastroenterology and motility2016
Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
Review in Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Animal Model Methods: A Data Mining of the Past Decade.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors and 26-years worldwide prevalence of endoscopic erosive esophagitis from 1997 to 2022: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Female Gender is a Poor Predictive Factor of Functional Dyspepsia Resolution afterThe Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2018Trial
- Circadian syndrome and its components in relation to incident gastroesophageal reflux disease: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The global, regional, and national burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1990-2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2036.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Noncommunicable Diseases in Older Adults: Raising the Profile of Older Females.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Downregulation of MUC6 improves esophageal epithelial barrier dysfunction and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in reflux esophagitis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Article
- Scalp and auricular acupuncture attenuate recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease and related inflammatory cytokines.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Variability in the Perception of Symptoms Associated With Common Otolaryngologic Complaints.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Risk of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction among gastroesophageal reflux disease patients: a global population-based study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Dyspeptic and Reflux Symptoms: An Endoscopy-Based Prospective Study from Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Observational
- Natural Products in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Hewei Jiangni granule alleviates visceral hypersensitivity of non-erosive reflux diseasestromal interaction molecule 1/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 pathway.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Patterns of outpatient proton‒pump inhibitors use among older adults in a duplicative health system: comparing public and private prescribing.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Alpinumisoflavone ameliorates experimental acute reflux esophagitis in rats via regulation of inflammatory pathway.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (1990-2021): age-period-cohort analysis and Bayesian projections.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Accelerated risk of renal disease progression in pre-ESRD patients with proton pump inhibitors use: a nationwide population-based study.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Chemical Inhibition of NRF2 Transcriptional Activity Influences Colon Function and Oestrogen Receptor Expression in Mice at Different Ages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is important to understand sex and gender-related differences in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because gender-related biologic factors might lead to better prevention and therapy. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) affects more women than men. GERD symptoms are more frequent in patients with NERD than in those with reflux esophagitis. However, men suffer pathologic diseases such as reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) more frequently than women. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is significantly increased with age in women, especially after their 50s. The mean age of EAC incidence in women is higher than in men, suggesting a role of estrogen in delaying the onset of BE and EAC. In a chronic rat reflux esophagitis model, nitric oxide was found to be an aggravating factor of esophageal injury in a male-predominant way. In addition, the expression of esophageal occludin, a tight junction protein that plays an important role in the esophageal defense mechanism, was up-regulated in women. This explains the male predominance of reflux esophagitis and delayed incidence of BE or EAC in women. Moreover, the symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and extra-esophageal symptoms have been more frequently reported by women than by men, suggesting that sex and gender play a role in symptom perception. Differential sensitivity with augmented symptoms in women might have diagnostic and therapeutic influence. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy has a protective effect against esophageal cancer. However, an anti-inflammatory role of estrogen remains compelling, which means further study is necessary in this area.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.