ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Methadone maintenance therapy and viral suppression among HIV-infected opioid users: The impacts of crack and injection cocaine use.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Opioid agonist therapy switching among individuals with prescription-type opioid use disorder: Secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Slow-release naltrexone implant versus oral naltrexone for improving treatment outcomes in people with HIV who are addicted to opioids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.The lancet. HIV · 2019Trial
- HIV-Related Stigma, Motivation to Adhere to Antiretroviral Therapy, and Medication Adherence Among HIV-Positive Methadone-Maintained Patients.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Examining trends in the incidence of HIV infection among people with a history of drug use to inform an outbreak investigation and response: A retrospective cohort study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Considerations when prescribing opioid agonist therapies for people living with HIV.Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Joint effects of substance use disorders and recent substance use on HIV viral non-suppression among people engaged in HIV care in an urban clinic, 2014-2019.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Associations amongst form of cocaine used (powder vs crack vs both) and HIV-related outcomes.Addictive behaviors reports · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Evaluating the Effect of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder on Infectious Disease Outcomes.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Longitudinal Factors Associated with Used Syringe Lending Among HIV-Positive Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve People Who Inject Drugs in a Canadian Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Viral suppression among HIV-infected methadone-maintained patients: The role of ongoing injection drug use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).Addictive behaviors · 2018Article
- Associated Factors of Maintenance in Patients under Treatment with Methadone: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Addiction & health · 2018Review
- Social-demographic shift in drug users at the first-ever- methadone maintenance treatment in Wuhan, China.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Sexual behaviors among methadone maintenance patients in a mountainous area in northern Vietnam.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2017Article
- Implementation of methadone therapy for opioid use disorder in Russia - a modeled cost-effectiveness analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMethadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is associated with improved HIV treatment outcomes among people who use drugs (PWUD). The extent to which these benefits are sustained in the context of ongoing cocaine use is unclear. We assessed differential impacts of MMT on HIV viral load (VL) suppression in relation to discrete patterns of cocaine use.
methodsData was drawn from ACCESS, a prospective cohort of HIV-positive PWUD in Vancouver, Canada. Generalized linear mixed-effects were used to model the independent effect of MMT on VL suppression across strata of frequency of cocaine injection and crack smoking (≥daily versus <daily), after adjustment for confounders.
resultsThe analysis included 397 HIV-positive opioid users who completed ≥1 study interview between 2005 and 2014. At baseline, 304 (77%) reported participation in MMT, 37 (9%) ≥daily cocaine injection, and 158 (40%) ≥daily crack smoking. In adjusted analyses, MMT remained independently associated with increased odds of VL suppression in both strata of crack smokers (AOR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.86-5.21 and AOR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.04-2.09, for ≥daily and <daily smokers, respectively), and among <daily cocaine injectors (AOR=1.88, 95%CI 1.38-2.56), but not among ≥daily cocaine injectors (AOR=1.37, 95%CI 0.53-3.49). Longer retention on MMT was positively associated with VL suppression in all strata of cocaine injection and crack smoke.
conclusionsExposure to MMT was associated with increased odds of VL suppression among HIV- positive opioid users regardless of crack use. However, this beneficial effect of MMT was lost among frequent cocaine injectors with shorter retention on MMT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.