SynthesisArchives of toxicology2017
A systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy.
Synthesis in Archives of toxicology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07075575 (Smoking Cessation Among Native Hawaiians), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smoking Cessation Among Native Hawaiians: A Test of Pharmacotherapies and Group-Based Counseling
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine-Mediated Redox and Nitrosative Stress in Cardiorenal Health.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Narrative Review of Novel Nicotine-Delivery Systems and Emerging Pharmaceuticals for Tobacco Cessation.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The emerging role of oral nicotine pouches in tobacco harm reduction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Assessment of nicotine pharmacokinetics and abuse liability in randomized, crossover studies of Vuse Alto electronic nicotine delivery systems.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Assessment of the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Renal Morphology of WISTAR Rats.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Nicotine replacement therapy during the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Article
- Ameliorative and protective effects of coenzyme Q10 against natural and chemical toxicity: a narrative review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Risk factors for cough after pulmonary resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Long COVID - a critical disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission?Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- The outcomes of hybrid virtual consultation for a smoking cessation program in Klang Valley, Malaysia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked - an emerging disease.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Concerns regarding the consequences of Nicotex for smoking and tobacco chewing cessation.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Exploratory analysis on the association of dietary live microbe and non-dietary prebiotic/probiotic intake with serum cotinine levels in the general adult population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Study title: A systematic review of RCTs to examine the risk of adverse cardiovascular events with nicotine use.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure and Inflammation Among Women of Reproductive Age Who Use Electronic or Conventional Cigarettes.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- Nicotinic Cholinergic System and COVID-19: In Silico Identification of an Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Nicotinic Receptors with Potential Therapeutic Targeting Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Update on management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2019Review
- Mitochondria as a possible target for nicotine action.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We conducted a systematic literature review to identify and critically evaluate studies of serious adverse health effects (SAHEs) in humans using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products. Serious adverse health effects refer to adverse events, leading to substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions. Strength of evidence evaluations and conclusions were also determined for the identified SAHEs. We evaluated 34 epidemiological studies and clinical trials, relating NRT use to cancer, reproduction/development, CVD, stroke and/or other SAHEs in patients, and four meta-analyses on effects in healthy populations. The overall evidence suffers from many limitations, the most significant being the short-term exposure (≤12 weeks) and follow-up to NRT product use in most of the studies, the common failure to account for changes in smoking behaviour following NRT use, and the sparse information on SAHEs by type of NRT product used. The only SAHE from NRT exposure we identified was an increase in respiratory congenital abnormalities reported in one study. Limited evidence indicated a lack of effect between NRT exposure and SAHEs for CVD and various reproduction/developmental endpoints. For cancer, stroke and other SAHEs, the evidence was inadequate to demonstrate any association with NRT use. Our conclusions agree with recent statements from authoritative bodies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.