Observational studyScientific reports2016
Vitamin D Supplementation for Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome Refractory to Conventional Treatment.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- A prospective study to assess the role of vitamin D individually and in combination with cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye in patients with deficient serum 25(OH)D levels.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Dry Eye Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The effects of vitamin d replacement therapy on ocular surface health in children with vitamin d deficiency.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and tear-film stability in dry eye disease: A case-control correlation study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of manual digital meibomian gland compression in meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Associated with Serum 25(OH)DLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- The ocular surface tear film as a biomarker for systemic health.The ocular surface · 2025Review
- The Role of Vitamin D3 in Ocular Diseases.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Association between systemic medication use and severity of dry eye signs and symptoms in the DRy eye assessment and management (DREAM) study.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Study of correlation between vitamin D3 levels and dry eye.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Nexus of ocular motility and dry eye.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Type 1-type 2 interferon imbalance in dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Observational
- Hormones and dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 and tear film breakup time in dogs.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Article
- Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
- A study of the association between Vitamin D deficiency and Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) in the Indian population.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) refractory to conventional treatment with vitamin D deficiency. A total of 105 patients with DES refractory to conventional treatment and vitamin D deficiency that was treated with an intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol (200,000 IU). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured. Eye discomfort was assessed using ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and visual analogue pain score (VAS). Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score (FSS), eyelid margin hyperemia, and tear secretion test were measured before treatment, and 2, 6, and 10 weeks after vitamin D supplementation. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 10.52 ± 4.61 ng/mL. TBUT, and tear secretion test showed an improvement at 2 and 6 weeks after vitamin D supplementation compared to pretreatment values (p < 0.05 for all, paired t-test). Eyelid margin hyperemia and the severity of symptoms showed improvement at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after vitamin D supplementation (p < 0.05 for all). Compared to pre-treatment values, FSS, OSDI and VAS were decreased at 2 weeks (p < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation is effective and useful in the treatment of patients with DES refractory to conventional treatment and with vitamin D deficiency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.