ArticlePlant physiology2016
A Legume TOR Protein Kinase Regulates Rhizobium Symbiosis and Is Essential for Infection and Nodule Development.
Article in Plant physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- From Model to Crop: Roles of Macroautophagy inGenes · 2025Review
- Autophagy and Bacterial infections.Autophagy reports · 2025Review
- Autophagy and Symbiosis: Membranes, ER, and Speculations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- An efficient method for protoplast-mediated production of transformed castor bean (Ricinus communis) lines.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Genomic conservation and putative downstream functionality of the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Target of rapamycin, PvTOR, is a key regulator of arbuscule development during mycorrhizal symbiosis in Phaseolus.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Tour of TOR Complex Signaling in Plants.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2021Review
- The Importance of TOR Kinase in Plant Development.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
- Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation.The Plant cell · 2020Review
- Autophagy in crop plants: what's new beyondOpen biology · 2018Review
- Article
- Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- W342F Mutation in CCaMK Enhances Its Affinity to Calmodulin But Compromises Its Role in Supporting Root Nodule Symbiosis inFrontiers in plant science · 2017Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase regulates metabolism, growth, and life span in yeast, animals, and plants in coordination with nutrient status and environmental conditions. The nutrient-dependent nature of TOR functionality makes this kinase a putative regulator of symbiotic associations involving nutrient acquisition. However, TOR's role in these processes remains to be understood. Here, we uncovered the role of TOR during the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-Rhizobium tropici (Rhizobium) symbiotic interaction. TOR was expressed in all tested bean tissues, with higher transcript levels in the root meristems and senesced nodules. We showed TOR promoter expression along the progressing infection thread and in the infected cells of mature nodules. Posttranscriptional gene silencing of TOR using RNA interference (RNAi) showed that this gene is involved in lateral root elongation and root cell organization and also alters the density, size, and number of root hairs. The suppression of TOR transcripts also affected infection thread progression and associated cortical cell divisions, resulting in a drastic reduction of nodule numbers. TOR-RNAi resulted in reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and altered CyclinD1 and CyclinD3 expression, which are crucial factors for infection thread progression and nodule organogenesis. Enhanced expression of TOR-regulated ATG genes in TOR-RNAi roots suggested that TOR plays a role in the recognition of Rhizobium as a symbiont. Together, these data suggest that TOR plays a vital role in the establishment of root nodule symbiosis in the common bean.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.