Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27698195›Full record

SynthesisCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2016

Job insecurity and risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Jane E Ferrie, Marianna Virtanen, Markus Jokela, Ida E H Madsen, Katriina Heikkilä, Lars Alfredsson, G David Batty, Jakob B Bjorner, Marianne Borritz, Hermann Burr and 27 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Article
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  10. Review
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  14. Meaningful Work, Well-Being, and Health: Enacting a Eudaimonic Vision.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Jane E FerrieDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark jane.ferrie@bristol.ac.uk.
Marianna VirtanenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Markus JokelaDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ida E H MadsenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Katriina HeikkiläDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lars AlfredssonDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
G David BattyDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jakob B BjornerDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marianne BorritzDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hermann BurrDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nico DraganoDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marko ElovainioDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eleonor I FranssonDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anders KnutssonDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Markku KoskenvuoDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Aki KoskinenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anne KouvonenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Meena KumariDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Martin L NielsenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Maria NordinDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tuula OksanenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Krista PahkinDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jan H PejtersenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jaana PenttiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Paula SaloDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Martin J ShipleyDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sakari B SuominenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Adam TabákDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Töres TheorellDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ari VäänänenDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jussi VahteraDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peter J M WesterholmDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hugo WesterlundDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Reiner RuguliesDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Solja T NybergDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mika KivimäkiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
IPD-Work Consortium

Funding

U19 MIDlife in the United States-Diversity Supplement-WellsU19AG051426 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAROL D. RYFF · 2016 to 2026
$74.8M
STATISTICS COREP01AG020166 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI RYFF, CAROL D. · 2002 to 2015
$50.6M
British Heart Foundation RG/13/2/30098Medical Research Council MR/K013351/1Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1NIA NIH HHS P01 AG020166NIA NIH HHS U19 AG051426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundJob insecurity has been associated with certain health outcomes. We examined the role of job insecurity as a risk factor for incident diabetes.

methodsWe used individual participant data from 8 cohort studies identified in 2 open-access data archives and 11 cohort studies participating in the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. We calculated study-specific estimates of the association between job insecurity reported at baseline and incident diabetes over the follow-up period. We pooled the estimates in a meta-analysis to produce a summary risk estimate.

resultsThe 19 studies involved 140 825 participants from Australia, Europe and the United States, with a mean follow-up of 9.4 years and 3954 incident cases of diabetes. In the preliminary analysis adjusted for age and sex, high job insecurity was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes compared with low job insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.30). In the multivariable-adjusted analysis restricted to 15 studies with baseline data for all covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity, physical activity, alcohol and smoking), the association was slightly attenuated (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). Heterogeneity between the studies was low to moderate (age- and sex-adjusted model: I

interpretationOur findings suggest that self-reported job insecurity is associated with a modest increased risk of incident diabetes. Health care personnel should be aware of this association among workers reporting job insecurity.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingAustraliaCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualDiabetes MellitusEmploymentEuropeExerciseHumansIncidenceMultivariate AnalysisObesityOdds RatioRisk FactorsSmokingSocial Class

Identifiers

PMID27698195
PMCPMC5135521

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