ArticleTobacco control2016
Long-term e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population.
Article in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Interpersonal communication and perceived norms as social influence mechanisms of e-cigarette use among adults: a systematic review.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Pooled it
- E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.American journal of public health · 2021Pooled it
- How do we determine the impact of e-cigarettes on cigarette smoking cessation or reduction? Review and recommendations for answering the research question with scientific rigor.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Reductions in biomarkers of exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents following exclusive and partial switching from combustible cigarettes to mybluInternal and emergency medicine · 2022Trial
- IQOSInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Trial
- Association of E-Cigarette Use With Smoking Cessation Among Smokers Who Plan to Quit After a Hospitalization: A Prospective Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2018Trial
- A Naturalistic, Randomized Pilot Trial of E-Cigarettes: Uptake, Exposure, and Behavioral Effects.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Trial
- To vape or not to vape? Effects of exposure to conflicting news headlines on beliefs about harms and benefits of electronic cigarette use: Results from a randomized controlled experiment.Preventive medicine · 2017Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation self-help intervention for dual users of tobacco cigarettes and E-cigarettes: Intervention development and research design.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- New versus continued e-cigarette use and cigarette reuptake among US adults who formerly smoked cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Self-reported use of cannabidiol as a substitute or adjunct for approved medications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Message That E-Cigarettes Are Less Harmful Than Combustible Cigarettes Is Not Getting Through.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- The economic factors that determine smoking abstinence: a survival and mediation analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Evolution of nicotine product use in Ireland 2015-2023, and associations with quit intentions and attempts: an analysis of nationally representative repeated cross-sectional surveys.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- How cigarette excise tax pass-through to prices responds to the uptake and evolution of e-cigarettes (ECs).Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Relationship between e-cigarette media content and product use: A scoping review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Review
- Interest in Quitting and Utilizing Quitline Services Among Long-Term E-Cigarette Users.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Prevalence, demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors associated with cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use: evidence from the 2017-2021 Scottish Health Survey.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- E-cigarette use among early adolescent tobacco cigarette smokers: testing the disruption and entrenchment hypotheses in two longitudinal cohorts.Tobacco control · 2024Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundE-cigarettes have grown popular. The most common pattern is dual use with conventional cigarettes. Dual use has raised concerns that it might delay quitting of cigarette smoking. This study examined the relationship between long-term use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation in a 2-year period.
methodsA nationally representative sample of 2028 US smokers were surveyed in 2012 and 2014. Long-term e-cigarette use was defined as using e-cigarettes at baseline and follow-up. Use of e-cigarettes only at baseline or at follow-up was defined as short-term use. Non-users did not use e-cigarettes at either survey. Quit attempt rates and cessation rates (abstinent for 3 months or longer) were compared across the three groups.
resultsAt 2-year follow-up, 43.7% of baseline dual users were still using e-cigarettes. Long-term e-cigarette users had a higher quit attempt rate than short-term or non-users (72.6% vs 53.8% and 45.5%, respectively), and a higher cessation rate (42.4% vs 14.2% and 15.6%, respectively). The difference in cessation rate between long-term users and non-users remained significant after adjusting for baseline variables, OR=4.1 (95% CI 1.5 to 11.4) as did the difference between long-term users and short-term users, OR=4.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 13.9). The difference in cessation rate between short-term users and non-users was not significant, OR=0.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.4). Among those making a quit attempt, use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid surpassed that of FDA-approved pharmacotherapy.
conclusionsShort-term e-cigarette use was not associated with a lower rate of smoking cessation. Long-term use of e-cigarettes was associated with a higher rate of quitting smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.