Trial reportTobacco control2016
Minimal intervention delivered by 2-1-1 information and referral specialists promotes smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: a Texas generalisation trial.
Trial report in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02097914 (Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Households), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Households: Texas Effectiveness Trial
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Smoke-Free Home-based Interventions in Reducing Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Telephone counselling for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluation of a 2-1-1 Telephone Navigation Program to Increase Cancer Control Behaviors: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Trial
- Randomised controlled trial of real-time feedback and brief coaching to reduce indoor smoking.Tobacco control · 2020Trial
- Cessation and reduction in smoking behavior: impact of creating a smoke-free home on smokers.Health education research · 2018Trial
- Facilitators and barriers to implementing smoke-free homes in Armenia: a qualitative study.Global health promotion · 2025Article
- Adapting a brief smoke-free homes intervention for communities in Armenia and Georgia.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- The Healthy Homes Study: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a place-based smoke-free home intervention in affordable housing.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparing acceptance of smoking cessation and smoke-free home intervention offers and associated factors among people with low income in the USA: baseline results of a randomised controlled trial.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Smoke-free home restrictions in Armenia and Georgia: motives, barriers and secondhand smoke reduction behaviors.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Theory-based correlates of cannabis use and intentions among US and Israeli adults: a mixed methods study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- Systematic braiding of Smoke-Free Home SafeCare to address child maltreatment risk and secondhand smoke exposure: findings from a pilot study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Smoke-Free Home Intervention in Permanent Supportive Housing: A Multifaceted Intervention Pilot.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Disseminating a Smoke-free Homes Program to Low Socioeconomic Status Households in the United States Through 2-1-1: Results of a National Impact Evaluation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Use of Telephone and Digital Channels to Engage Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Adults in Health Disparities Research Within a Social Service Setting: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Article
- A cross-sectional study of the relationship of proximal smoking environments and cessation history, plans, and self-efficacy among low-income smokers.Journal of smoking cessation · 2019Article
- Article
- Steps Toward Scalability: Illustrations From a Smoke-Free Homes Program.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2019Article
- Adaptation of a brief smoke-free homes intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native families.BMC public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReplication of intervention research is reported infrequently, limiting what we know about external validity and generalisability. The Smoke Free Homes Program, a minimal intervention, increased home smoking bans by United Way 2-1-1 callers in randomised controlled trials in Atlanta, Georgia and North Carolina.
objectiveTest the programme's generalisability-external validity in a different context.
methodsA randomised controlled trial (n=508) of English-speaking callers from smoking-discordant households (≥1 smoker and ≥1 non-smoker). 2-1-1 Texas/United Way HELPLINE call specialists serving the Texas Gulf Coast recruited callers and delivered three mailings and one coaching call, supported by an online tracking system. Data collectors, blind to study assignment, conducted telephone interviews 3 and 6 months postbaseline.
resultsAt 3 months, more intervention households reported a smoke-free home (46.6% vs 25.4%, p<0.0001; growth model intent-to-treat OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.241 to 1.772, p<0.0001). At 6 months, self-reported full bans were 62.9% for intervention participants and 38.4% for controls (OR=2.19). Texas trial participants were predominantly women (83%), single-smoker households (76%) and African-American (65%); half had incomes ≤US$10 000/year (50%). Texas recruitment was <50% of the other sites. Fewer callers reported having a smoker in the household. Almost twice the callers with a household smoker declined interest in the programme/study.
conclusionsOur findings in a region with lower smoking rates and more diverse callers, including English-speaking Latinos, support programme generalisability and convey evidence of external validity. Our recruitment experience indicates that site-specific adjustments might improve recruitment efficiency and reach. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02097914, Results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.