ArticlePlacenta2016
Differential expression of toll-like receptors in the human placenta across early gestation.
Article in Placenta, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expression and Functionality Study of 9 Toll-Like Receptors in 33 Drug-Naïve Non-Affective First Episode Psychosis Individuals: A 3-Month Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Sex-specific outcomes following chorioamnionitis.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Human cytomegalovirus at the maternal-fetal interface: an overview of pathogenesis, defence, and interventions.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Preimplantation exposure to viral dsRNA impairs decidualization leading to altered placental development and fetal growth restriction.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Alterations in the Placenta Following Vaccination and Infection with SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Free Fetal Haemoglobin in Severe Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Prospective Multi-Centre Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Decoding the immunological triad of TLRs, B1 cells, and feto-maternal microchimerism in pre-eclampsia pathogenesis: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The multifactorial role of HDAC9 at the maternal-fetal interface in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Innate Immune Mechanisms in Normal and Adverse Pregnancy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Dysbiosis in pregnant mice induced by transfer of human vaginal microbiota followed by reversal of pathological changes in the uterus and placenta via progesterone treatment.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Establishment and comparison of human term placenta-derived trophoblast cells†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Editorial: Mucosal barrier in teleost fish: physical, biochemical, and immune nature.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Genetic and inflammatory factors underlying gestational diabetes mellitus: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Gene loss and co-option of toll-like receptors facilitate paternal immunological adaptation in the brood pouch of pregnant male seahorses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives: design, synthesis, molecular docking, molecular simulations and biological evaluations as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Transcriptome Comparison of Chorion-Attached and Non-chorion-attached Endometrium in Mid-gestation of Rabbit.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- The expression of miR-17 and miR-29a in placenta-derived exosomes in LPS-induced abortion mice model: An experimental study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2021Article
- Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Pathophysiology of Pre-Eclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Immunology of Syncytialized Trophoblast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Circulating Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Expressing Exosomes in Maternal Blood Showed Temporal Regulation of Placental Genes.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential component of the innate immune system. While a number of studies have described TLR expression in the female reproductive tract, few have examined the temporal expression of TLRs within the human placenta. We hypothesized that the pattern of TLR expression in the placenta changes throughout the first and second trimester, coincident with physiological changes in placental function and the demands of innate immunity. We collected first and second trimester placental tissue and conducted quantitative PCR analysis for TLRs 1-10, followed by immunohistochemistry to define the cell specific expression pattern of a subset of these receptors. Except for the very earliest time points, RNA expression for TLRs 1-10 was stable out to 20 weeks gestation. However, the pattern of protein expression evolved over time. Early first trimester placenta demonstrated a strong, uniform pattern predominantly in the inner villous cytotrophoblast layer. As the placenta matured through the second trimester, both the villous cytotrophoblasts and the pattern of TLR expression within them became disorganized and patchy, with putative Hofbauer cells now identifiable in the tissue also staining positive. We conclude from this data that placental TLR expression changes over the course of gestation, with a tight barrier of TLRs forming a wall of defense along the cytotrophoblast layer in the early first trimester that breaks down as pregnancy progresses. These data are relevant to understanding placental immunity against pathogen exposure throughout pregnancy and may aid in our understanding of the vulnerable period for fetal exposure to pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.