ReviewCurrent environmental health reports2016
Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review.
Review in Current environmental health reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Nonessential Element Exposure and Urologic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Association between Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of GMDTC for Cadmium Poisoning: A Randomized Phase 1a/1b Trial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Urinary Metal Levels after Repeated Edetate Disodium Infusions: Preliminary Findings.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Blood cadmium levels and its associated factors in middle school children in Kuwait.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of integrated, multimedia biomarkers of prenatal metals exposure in association with child neurodevelopment in Puerto Rico.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Combatting Cadmium Toxicity in Animals with Nature-Derived Remedies: Mechanisms and Mitigation.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Consistency of Biomarkers of Exposure in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study from Samples Taken 3 to 5 Years Apart.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- From environmental exposure to retinal pathology: epidemiological and mechanistic insights into multi-metal driven ocular diseases.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Cadmium Exposure and Incidence of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in US Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exposure to Cadmium and Cerebrovascular Mortality in the United States.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2025Article
- Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Association of Cadmium Exposure with Cardiovascular Disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Predictors of Toxic Metal/Metalloid Exposures Among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Geographic and Sociodemographic Differences in Cadmium Exposure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Exposure and health · 2025Article
- Combined exposure to three heavy metals and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the Korean population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Essential and Non-Essential Metals and Metalloids and Their Role in Atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Multiple metal exposure and renal tubular damage of residents in a metal-polluted region in Korea.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study of urinary cadmium levels in current smokers from the multiethnic cohort study.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium is a naturally-occurring element, and humans are exposed from cigarettes, food, and industrial sources. Following exposure, cadmium accumulates in the kidney and is slowly released into the urine, usually proportionally to the levels found in the kidneys. Cadmium levels in a single spot urine sample have been considered indicative of long-term exposure to cadmium; however, such a potentially exceptional biomarker requires careful scrutiny. In this review, we report good to excellent temporal stability of urinary cadmium (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.66-0.81) regardless of spot urine or first morning void sampling. Factors such as changes in smoking habits and diseases characterized by increased excretion of proteins may produce short-term changes in urinary cadmium levels. We recommend that epidemiologists use this powerful biomarker in prospective studies stratified by smoking status, along with thoughtful consideration of additional factors that can influence renal physiology and cadmium excretion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.