ArticleScientific reports2016
Phycocyanin Inhibits Tumorigenic Potential of Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial Pigments as Potential Antitumor Agents Against Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Biotechnology and applied biochemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Overcoming ABT-737 resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: C-phycocyanin-mediated myeloid cell leukemia-1 downregulation enhances apoptotic sensitivity.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Design, synthesis, and mechanistic evaluation of propargylated salicylaldehyde derivatives as dual apoptosis-autophagy modulator for pancreatic cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Spirulina and Its Bioactive Compounds as Multi-Target Anticancer Agents: Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Translational Potential.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Arthrospira Platensis Attenuates Endothelial Inflammation and Monocyte Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- C-Phycocyanin-Cisplatin Combination Targeting Redox Balance for Enhanced Efficacy Against Glioblastoma Cells.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Bilirubin metabolism in relation to cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Effects ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Combining In Vitro, In Vivo, and Network Pharmacology Assays to Identify Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Spirulina-Derived Biomolecules against Breast Cancer.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Innovative Bioactive Products with Medicinal Value from Microalgae and Their Overall Process Optimization through the Implementation of Life Cycle Analysis-An Overview.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Targeting SMAD-Dependent Signaling: Considerations in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Solid Tumors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Natural products as inhibitors against pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion: possible mechanisms.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Crystal structure of3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Article
- Autosis as a selective type of cell death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds fromLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Progress of Microencapsulated Phycocyanin in Food and Pharma Industries: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Exploring the structural aspects and therapeutic perspectives of cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins.3 Biotech · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal human malignancies, and unresponsive to current chemotherapies. Here we investigate the therapeutic potential of phycocyanin as an anti-PDA agent in vivo and in vitro. Phycocyanin, a natural product purified from Spirulina, effectively inhibits the pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Phycocyanin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptotic and autophagic cell death in PANC-1 cells. Inhibition of autophagy by targeting Beclin 1 using siRNA significantly suppresses cell growth inhibition and death induced by phycocyanin, whereas inhibition of both autophagy and apoptosis rescues phycocyanin-mediated cell death. Mechanistically, cell death induced by phycocyanin is the result of cross-talk among the MAPK, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and NF-κB pathways. Phycocyanin is able to induce apoptosis of PANC-1 cell by activating p38 and JNK signaling pathways while inhibiting Erk pathway. On the other hand, phycocyanin promotes autophagic cell death by inhibiting PI3/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, phycocyanin promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which plays an important role in balancing phycocyanin-mediated apoptosis and autosis. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that phycocyanin exerts anti-pancreatic cancer activity by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, thereby identifying phycocyanin as a promising anti-pancreatic cancer agent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.