ArticleCancer discovery2017
Tumor Cell-Independent Estrogen Signaling Drives Disease Progression through Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.
Article in Cancer discovery, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06225284 (A Randomized Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without GnRH Agonist for Premenopausal Triple-negative Early Breast Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 150 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without GnRH Agonist for Premenopausal Triple-negative Early Breast Cancer Patients: ESCALATE Study
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survival benefits of different immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis highlighting age, gender, etiology, and tumor burden.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with pertuzumab or placebo in addition to trastuzumab and docetaxel: a retrospective analysis of the CLEOPATRA study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2017Trial
- Breast cancer immunogenicity as a spectrum: evolving concepts and therapeutic implications.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Dual Functions of B7-H3-MAPK Signaling Orchestrate Tumor Immunosuppression via Regulating the Plasticity of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Fibroblasts.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Galanin impairs tumor immunity in glioblastoma by promoting infiltration and ferroptosis resistance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and proinflammatory biomarkers with breast cancer molecular subtypes: analysis of the MEND study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Association between cumulative lifetime exposure to reproductive hormones and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, CD4 +, and CD8 + T cells among women with breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- GABA signaling activation drives glioblastoma progression in female mice through myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Breast Cancer and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mapping breast cancer lineage in radiation and immunotherapy using the REMAP mouse.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy-Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms With a Focus on NSCLC.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism in cancer: molecular mechanisms and precision oncology perspectives.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Estrogen receptor signaling drives immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance in HR+ breast cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Remodeling the tumor dormancy ecosystem to prevent recurrence and metastasis.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of Neutrophils in Pathogenesis of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Review
- Isoflavones impair anti-PD1 efficacy in breast cancer, regardless of dietary fiber or fecal short-chain fatty acid levels.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The role of estrogens in antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that estrogen signaling accelerates the progression of different estrogen-insensitive tumor models by contributing to deregulated myelopoiesis by both driving the mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and enhancing their intrinsic immunosuppressive activity in vivo Differences in tumor growth are dependent on blunted antitumor immunity and, correspondingly, disappear in immunodeficient hosts and upon MDSC depletion. Mechanistically, estrogen receptor alpha activates the STAT3 pathway in human and mouse bone marrow myeloid precursors by enhancing JAK2 and SRC activity. Therefore, estrogen signaling is a crucial mechanism underlying pathologic myelopoiesis in cancer. Our work suggests that new antiestrogen drugs that have no agonistic effects may have benefits in a wide range of cancers, independently of the expression of estrogen receptors in tumor cells, and may synergize with immunotherapies to significantly extend survival. SIGNIFICANCE: Ablating estrogenic activity delays malignant progression independently of the tumor cell responsiveness, owing to a decrease in the mobilization and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, which boosts T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale to block estrogen signaling with newer antagonists to boost the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapies. Cancer Discov; 7(1); 72-85. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Welte et al., p. 17This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.