Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27692237›Full record

ArticleBiological psychiatry2016

An Ultraconserved Brain-Specific Enhancer Within ADGRL3 (LPHN3) Underpins Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Susceptibility.

Ariel F Martinez, Yu Abe, Sungkook Hong, Kevin Molyneux, David Yarnell, Heiko Löhr, Wolfgang Driever, Maria T Acosta, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Maximilian Muenke

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biological psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors.Pharmacological reviews · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Driver mutations in ADGRL3 are involved in the evolution of ependymoma.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Latrophilin-3 disruption: Effects on brain and behavior.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021
    Review
  16. Brain sciences · 2021
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Ariel F MartinezMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: ariel.martinez@nih.gov.
Yu AbeMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Sungkook HongMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Kevin MolyneuxMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
David YarnellMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Heiko LöhrInstitute of Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Wolfgang DrieverInstitute of Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Maria T AcostaMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Mauricio Arcos-BurgosMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Maximilian MuenkeMedical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
National Human Genome Research Institute · USNational Institutes of Health · USUniversity of Freiburg · DE

Funding

Genetic Analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderZIAHG000175 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SHAW, PHILIP · 2009 to 2025
$13.4M
Research_ProjectU54HD090257 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI VITTORIO GALLO, VITTORIO GALLO VITTORIO GALLO · 2016 to 2020
$5.9M
Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderZ01HG000175 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI MUENKE, MAXIMILIAN · 2000 to 2008
$2.6M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 HG000175Intramural NIH HHS Z99 HG999999NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD090257
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGenetic factors predispose individuals to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have reported linkage and association to ADHD of gene variants within ADGRL3. In this study, we functionally analyzed noncoding variants in this gene as likely pathological contributors.

methodsIn silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches were used to identify and characterize evolutionary conserved elements within the ADGRL3 linkage region (~207 Kb). Family-based genetic analyses of 838 individuals (372 affected and 466 unaffected patients) identified ADHD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms harbored in some of these conserved elements. Luciferase assays and zebrafish green fluorescent protein transgenesis tested conserved elements for transcriptional enhancer activity. Electromobility shift assays were used to verify transcription factor-binding disruption by ADHD risk alleles.

resultsAn ultraconserved element was discovered (evolutionary conserved region 47) that functions as a transcriptional enhancer. A three-variant ADHD risk haplotype in evolutionary conserved region 47, formed by rs17226398, rs56038622, and rs2271338, reduced enhancer activity by 40% in neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells (p

conclusionsThese results uncover the first functional evidence of common noncoding variants with potential implications for the pathology of ADHD.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseAdolescentAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMalePedigreePolymorphism, Single NucleotideReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptors, PeptideYoung AdultADGRL3 protein, humanReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptors, PeptideADGRL3ADHDCis-acting regulatory elementEnhancerEvolutionary conserved regionsGeneticsLatrophilinLPHN3Zebrafish

Identifiers

PMID27692237
PMCPMC5108697
OpenAlexW2525452526

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.