ArticlePublic health nutrition2017
Practices, predictors and consequences of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Integrative Review of Exclusive Breast Milk Expression.Journal of midwifery & women's healthPooled it
- Trial
- Exclusively Pumping Women's Milk Production and Pumping and Feeding Dynamics-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early Postpartum Milk-Expression and Expressed-Milk Feeding Practices in Relation to Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Maternal Experiences with Exclusive Pumping-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pumps, patriarchy, and profits: the rise of breast pumping and "human milk feeding" and why preserving "breastfeeding" is important.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- A National Survey: Trends in U.S. Postpartum Pumping Practices After Term Deliveries.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Flange Size Matters: A Comparative Pilot Study of the Flange FITSJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Article
- Impact of diet on the gut mycobiome of Hong Kong Chinese infants.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Correlates of early breastfeeding cessation and breastmilk expression in Uganda: a case-control study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Changes in microRNAs during Storage and Processing of Breast Milk.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Exclusive breastmilk pumping: A concept analysis.Nursing forum · 2022Article
- Supporting Direct Breastfeeding in a Tracheostomy-Dependent Neonate: A Case Report.The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology · 2022Article
- Unseen, unheard: a qualitative analysis of women's experiences of exclusively expressing breast milk.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Effective Communication About Pregnancy, Birth, Lactation, Breastfeeding and Newborn Care: The Importance of Sexed Language.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Breastfeeding and the origins of health: Interdisciplinary perspectives and priorities.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Comparing breastfeeding experiences between mothers spending the traditional Chinese confinement period in a confinement centre and those staying at home: a cohort study.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Article
- Nutrients or nursing? Understanding how breast milk feeding affects child cognition.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of support for exclusive breastmilk expressers in the community: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Article
- Grandmothers' knowledge positively influences maternal knowledge and infant and young child feeding practices.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the prevalence and predictors of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants and its association with total duration of breast-milk feeding.
designProspective cohort study.
settingIn-patient postnatal units of four public hospitals in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS: A total of 2450 mother-infant pairs were recruited in 2006-2007 and 2011-2012 and followed up prospectively for 12 months or until breast-milk feeding had stopped.
resultsAcross the first 6 months postpartum, the rate of exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding ranged from 5·1 to 8·0 % in 2006-2007 and from 18·0 to 19·8 % in 2011-2012. Factors associated with higher rate of exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding included supplementation with infant formula, lack of previous breast-milk feeding experience, having a planned caesarean section delivery and returning to work postpartum. Exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding was associated with an increased risk of early breast-milk feeding cessation when compared with direct feeding at the breast. The hazard ratio (95 % CI) ranged from 1·25 (1·04, 1·51) to 1·91 (1·34, 2·73) across the first 6 months.
conclusionsMothers of healthy term infants should be encouraged and supported to feed directly at the breast. Exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding should be recommended only when medically necessary and not as a substitute for feeding directly at the breast. Further research is required to explore mothers' reasons for exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding and to identify the health outcomes associated with this practice.
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