Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27688886›Full record

ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical policy and practice2016

Forces influencing generic drug development in the United States: a narrative review.

Chia-Ying Lee, Xiaohan Chen, Robert J Romanelli, Jodi B Segal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Comprehensive bibliographic study of the framework of complex generic drugs.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Chia-Ying LeeJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, 624 N. Broadway, Room 644, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Xiaohan ChenJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, 624 N. Broadway, Room 644, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Robert J RomanelliPalo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA USA.
Jodi B SegalJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, 624 N. Broadway, Room 644, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 624 N. Broadway, Room 644, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.

Funding

Effect of Therapeutic Class on Generic Drug SubstitutionsU01FD005267 · FDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SEGAL, JODI B. · 2014 to 2015
$440k
FDA HHS U01 FD005267
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration, as protectors of public health, encourages generic drug development and use so that patients can access affordable medications. The FDA, however, has limited mechanisms to encourage generic drug manufacturing. MAIN

resultsGeneric drug manufacturers make decisions regarding development of products based on expected profitability, influenced by market forces, features of the reference listed drug, and manufacturing capabilities, as well as regulatory restrictions. Barriers to the development of generic drugs include the challenge of demonstrating bioequivalence of some products, particularly those that are considered to be complex generics.

conclusionsWe present here a focused review describing the influences on generic manufacturers who are prioritizing drugs for generic development. We also review proposed strategies that regulators may use to incentivize generic drug development.

Indexed as

Generic drugIncentivesU.S. Food and Drug Administration

Identifiers

PMID27688886
PMCPMC5034442

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.