Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
Phase I/II trial of combination of temozolomide chemotherapy and immunotherapy with fusions of dendritic and glioma cells in patients with glioblastoma.
Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination in glioblastoma patients: a systematic review of literature.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Personalised therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma: A systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical and histopathological analyses of VEGF receptors peptide vaccine in patients with primary glioblastoma - a case series.BMC cancer · 2020Trial
- Effective approaches in conquering chemoresistance of glioblastoma: potential for nanoformulations.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Prognostic survival biomarkers of tumor-fused dendritic cell vaccine therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Review
- Updates in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: An Overview of the Current Clinical and Translational Scenario.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Recent Developments in Glioblastoma Therapy: Oncolytic Viruses and Emerging Future Strategies.Viruses · 2023Review
- Clinical Effects of Immuno-Oncology Therapy on Glioblastoma Patients: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Dendritic cell vaccine of gliomas: challenges from bench to bed.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The multifaceted mechanisms of malignant glioblastoma progression and clinical implications.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Hot and Cold Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Translational landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy for physicians: guiding clinical practice with basic scientific evidence.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- MRI Response Assessment in Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Dendritic-Cell-Based Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis trial was designed to evaluate the safety and clinical responses to a combination of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and immunotherapy with fusions of DCs and glioma cells in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).
methodGBM patients were assigned to two groups: a group of recurrent GBMs after failing TMZ-chemotherapy against the initially diagnosed glioma (Group-R) or a group of newly diagnosed GBMs (Group-N). Autologous cultured glioma cells obtained from surgical specimens were fused with autologous DCs using polyethylene glycol. The fusion cells (FC) were inoculated intradermally in the cervical region. Toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of this trial were evaluated. Expressions of WT-1, gp-100, and MAGE-A3, recognized as chemoresistance-associated peptides (CAP), were confirmed by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Patient's PBMCs of pre- and post-vaccination were evaluated by tetramer and ELISPOT assays.
resultsFC-immunotherapy was well tolerated in all patients. Medians of PFS and OS of Group-R (n = 10) were 10.3 and 18.0 months, and those of Group-N (n = 22) were 18.3 and 30.5 months, respectively. Up-regulation and/or cytoplasmic accumulation of CAPs was observed in the recurrent tumors of Group-R patients compared with their initially excised tumors. Specific immune responses against CAPs were observed in the tetramer and ELISPOT assays.
conclusionsThe combination of TMZ-treatment leading to up-regulation and/or cytoplasmic accumulation of CAPs, with FC-immunotherapy as a means of producing specific immunity against CAPs, may safely induce anti-tumor effects in patients with GBM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.