ArticleBMJ open2016
Effectiveness of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a scoping review.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Promising algorithms to perilous applications: a systematic review of risk stratification tools for predicting healthcare utilisation.BMJ health & care informatics · 2024Pooled it
- Decision-making and related outcomes of patients with complex care needs in primary care settings: a systematic literature review with a case-based qualitative synthesis.BMC primary care · 2022Pooled it
- Case management programs in emergency department to reduce frequent user visits: a systematic review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2019Pooled it
- Case Management in Primary Care for Frequent Users of Health Care Services: A Mixed Methods Study.Annals of family medicine · 2018Trial
- Using case management in a universal health coverage system to improve quality of life of frequent Emergency Department users: a randomized controlled trial.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2018Trial
- Inpatient Expenditure Composition and Factors Associated with High-Expenditure Patients with Chronic Wounds: A Retrospective Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Experiences and Perceptions of Patient Watch, a Rural Telehealth Case Management Model, for Frequent Presenters to the Emergency Department: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study.The Australian journal of rural health · 2026Article
- Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Care Management Model for Patients With Neuromuscular Diseases: Protocol for a Participatory Mixed Methods Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Continuity Is Essential: The Experiences of Co-Design Participants During the Implementation of a New Health Service.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Spread and Scale-Up of a Region-Wide Telehealth Navigation Service in a Rural Context: Qualitative Process Evaluation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Supporting High-impAct useRs in Emergency Departments (SHarED) quality improvement: a mixed-method evaluation.BMJ open quality · 2023Article
- Implementation analysis of a case management intervention for people with complex care needs in primary care: a multiple case study across Canada.BMC health services research · 2023Article
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- The development of community paramedicine; a restricted review.Health & social care in the community · 2022Review
- Case management intervention of high users of the emergency department of a Portuguese hospital: a before-after design analysis.BMC emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Monthly Identification of High Frequency Emergency Presenters to Improve Care Delivery and Evaluation: A Unique Methodological Approach.Ochsner journal · 2022Article
- Impact of New York State's Health Home program on access to care among patients with diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with Readmission Among General Internal Medicine Patients Experiencing Homelessness.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Observational
- Qualitative evaluation of primary care providers' experiences caring for frequent users of the emergency department.BMJ open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveFrequent users of healthcare services are a vulnerable population, often socioeconomically disadvantaged, who can present multiple chronic conditions as well as mental health problems. Case management (CM) is the most frequently performed intervention to reduce healthcare use and cost. This study aimed to examine the evidence of the effectiveness of CM interventions for frequent users of healthcare services.
designScoping review. DATA SOURCES: An electronic literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL databases covering January 2004 to December 2015. A specific search strategy was developed for each database using keywords 'case management' and 'frequent use'. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: To be included in the review, studies had to report effects of a CM intervention on healthcare use and cost or patient outcomes. Eligible designs included randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and controlled and non-controlled before-after studies. Studies limited to specific groups of patients or targeting a single disease were excluded. Three reviewers screened abstracts, screened each full-text article and extracted data, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus.
resultsThe final review included 11 articles evaluating the effectiveness of CM interventions among frequent users of healthcare services. Two non-randomised controlled studies and 4 before-after studies reported positives outcomes on healthcare use or cost. Two randomised controlled trials, 2 before-after studies and 1 non-randomised controlled study presented mitigated results. Patient outcomes such as drug and alcohol use, health locus of control, patient satisfaction and psychological functioning were evaluated in 3 studies, but no change was reported.
conclusionsMany studies suggest that CM could reduce emergency department visits and hospitalisations as well as cost. However, pragmatic randomised controlled trials of adequate power that recruit the most frequent users of healthcare services are still needed to clearly confirm its effectiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.