ArticlePloS one
Long-Term Correlation between Influenza Vaccination Coverage and Incidence of Influenza-Like Illness in 14 European Countries.
Article in PloS one. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring influenza vaccination determinants through digital participatory surveillance.BMC public health · 2025Article
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- Evaluation of influenza vaccination coverage in Shanghai city during the 2016/17 to 2020/21 influenza seasons.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Trends in Excess Winter Mortality (EWM) from 1900/01 to 2019/20-Evidence for a Complex System of Multiple Long-Term Trends.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Low Levels of Influenza Vaccine Uptake among the Diabetic Population in Spain: A Time Trend Study from 2011 to 2020.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Trends in Influenza Vaccine Uptake and Severe Influenza-Related Outcomes at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 2007-2017.The Permanente journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Letter to the Editor (reply to Souty C et al.): The causes of long-term trends in the epidemiology of influenza.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Article
- Association between vaccination coverage decline and influenza incidence rise among Italian elderly.European journal of public health · 2018Article
- Excess pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal from season 1998/1999 to 2014/2015.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
- Low coverage rate and awareness of influenza vaccine among older people in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to examine the long-term correlation between influenza vaccination coverage and the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the total and elderly populations of European countries for which data was available on at least six consecutive influenza seasons. We graphically visualised vaccination coverage and ILI incidence trends and calculated Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Additionally, we fitted a negative binomial regression model to estimate the change in ILI incidence per percentage point change in vaccination coverage. We found significant negative correlations for the total population of the Netherlands (ρ = -0.60, p-value = 0.003) and for the elderly populations of England (ρ = -0.80, p-value < 0.001) and Germany (ρ = -0.57, p-value = 0.04). However, results were not consistent, and for some countries we observed significant positive correlations. Only for the elderly in England was there a significant decline in incidence rate per percentage point increase in vaccination coverage (incidence rate ratio = 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.99). Based on this ecological study it is not possible to provide evidence for a negative correlation between influenza vaccination coverage and ILI incidence. For future, aetiological studies to assess impact of influenza vaccinations on the population, there is a need for high quality data over long periods of time, on proportion of ILI caused by influenza virus infection, on severe outcome measures such as hospitalisation for influenza, and on other factors that potentially affect influenza transmission.
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