ArticlePloS one
Genomic Analysis Reveals Novel Diversity among the 1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak Isolates and Additional ST36 Strains.
Article in PloS one. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic characterization ofPathogens and global health · 2026Article
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- Can genomics and meteorology predict outbreaks of legionellosis in urban settings?Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Development of heat-shock resistance inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Comparative Genomics ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Whole-genome sequencing of the clinical isolate ofEuropean clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- A graph-based approach for the visualisation and analysis of bacterial pangenomes.BMC bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Typing methods based on whole genome sequencing data.One health outlook · 2020Review
- Comparative genome analysis reveals a complex population structure of Legionella pneumophila subspecies.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Genome Sequencing Links Persistent Outbreak of Legionellosis in Sydney (New South Wales, Australia) to an Emerging Clone of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Type 211.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Genomic heterogeneity differentiates clinical and environmental subgroups of Legionella pneumophila sequence type 1.PloS one · 2018Article
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- Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak Caused by Endemic Strain of Legionella pneumophila, New York, New York, USA, 2015.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Epidemiological information is key when interpreting whole genome sequence data - lessons learned from a largeEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing of Bacterial Pathogens: the Future of Nosocomial Outbreak Analysis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- Genomic investigation of a suspected outbreak of Legionella pneumophila ST82 reveals undetected heterogeneity by the present gold-standard methods, Denmark, July to November 2014.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017Article
- Type II Secretion Substrates ofmBio · 2017Article
- A Comparative Analysis of the Lyve-SET Phylogenomics Pipeline for Genomic Epidemiology of Foodborne Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Dating themSphereArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila was first recognized as a cause of severe and potentially fatal pneumonia during a large-scale outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) at a Pennsylvania veterans' convention in Philadelphia, 1976. The ensuing investigation and recovery of four clinical isolates launched the fields of Legionella epidemiology and scientific research. Only one of the original isolates, "Philadelphia-1", has been widely distributed or extensively studied. Here we describe the whole-genome sequencing (WGS), complete assembly, and comparative analysis of all Philadelphia LD strains recovered from that investigation, along with L. pneumophila isolates sharing the Philadelphia sequence type (ST36). Analyses revealed that the 1976 outbreak was due to multiple serogroup 1 strains within the same genetic lineage, differentiated by an actively mobilized, self-replicating episome that is shared with L. pneumophila str. Paris, and two large, horizontally-transferred genomic loci, among other polymorphisms. We also found a completely unassociated ST36 strain that displayed remarkable genetic similarity to the historical Philadelphia isolates. This similar strain implies the presence of a potential clonal population, and suggests important implications may exist for considering epidemiological context when interpreting phylogenetic relationships among outbreak-associated isolates. Additional extensive archival research identified the Philadelphia isolate associated with a non-Legionnaire case of "Broad Street pneumonia", and provided new historical and genetic insights into the 1976 epidemic. This retrospective analysis has underscored the utility of fully-assembled WGS data for Legionella outbreak investigations, highlighting the increased resolution that comes from long-read sequencing and a sequence type-matched genomic data set.
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