ArticleOncotarget2016
Polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is influenced by EGFR signaling within colon cancer cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage Polarization as a Target for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Optimization: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Immune Regulation and the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Kasugamycin Inhibits Melanoma Lung Metastasis and CHI3L1-Driven M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- The progress and perspective of nanomedicine in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and macrophage crosstalk: implications for colitis-associated colorectal cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Systems-level characterization of EGFR kinase inhibitors reveals heterogeneous effects on Mtb-macrophage interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Regulation and Function of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): The Role of the SRIF System in Macrophage Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of HSP90 and TRAP1 Targets on Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Targeting stemness pathways modulates macrophage polarization and reprograms the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Macrophage M2 polarization induced by ANKRD22 in lung adenocarcinoma facilitates tumor angiogenesis.Central-European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Targeting Macrophage Polarization for Reinstating Homeostasis following Tissue Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Erlotinib suppresses tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2024Article
- Suppressed oncogenic molecules involved in the treatment of colorectal cancer by fecal microbiota transplantation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Progress of research on the relationship between efferocytosis and tumor.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Manipulating the tumor immune microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy: IGF1R, a promising target.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Role of Paxillin Aberrant Expression in Cancer and Its Potential as a Target for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide blockade suppresses tumor growth by regulating macrophage polarization and function in CT26 tumor-bearing mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Roles of macrophages on ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Murine macrophage-based iNos reporter reveals polarization and reprogramming in the context of breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target of colon cancer therapy, but the effects of this therapy on the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. Our in vivo studies showed that cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, effectively inhibited AOM/DSS-induced, colitis-associated tumorigenesis, downregulated M2-related markers, and decreased F4/80+/CD206+ macrophage populations. Treatment with conditioned medium of colon cancer cells increased macrophage expression of the M2-related markers arginase-1 (Arg1), CCL17, CCL22, IL-10 and IL-4. By contrast, conditioned medium of EGFR knockout colon cancer cells inhibited expression of these M2-related markers and induced macrophage expression of the M1-related markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-12, TNF-α and CCR7. EGFR knockout in colon cancer cells inhibited macrophage-induced promotion of xenograft tumor growth. Moreover, colon cancer-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increased Arg1 expression, and treatment with the IGF1R inhibitor AG1024 inhibited that increase. These results suggest that inhibition of EGFR signaling in colon cancer cells modulates cytokine secretion (e.g. IGF-1) and prevents M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization, thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.