ArticleToxins2016
Polyamines as Snake Toxins and Their Probable Pharmacological Functions in Envenomation.
Article in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipidomics of Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms, the two major viperids involved in human envenomings in the Brazilian Amazon.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Targeted Metabolomics ofJournal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2025Article
- Exploring oak processionary caterpillar induced lepidopterism (part 2): ex vivo bio-assays unmask the role of TRPV1.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Modern venomics-Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research.GigaScience · 2022Article
- Priapism following a juvenile Russell's viper bite: An unusual case report.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Identification and quantification of honeybee venom constituents by multiplatform metabolomics.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Organic and Peptidyl Constituents of Snake Venoms: The Picture Is Vastly More Complex Than We Imagined.Toxins · 2018Article
- Application of Metabolomic Tools for Studying Low Molecular-Weight Fraction of Animal Venoms and Poisons.Toxins · 2018Review
- Population Genomic Analysis of a Pitviper Reveals Microevolutionary Forces Underlying Venom Chemistry.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While decades of research have focused on snake venom proteins, far less attention has been paid to small organic venom constituents. Using mostly pooled samples, we surveyed 31 venoms (six elapid, six viperid, and 19 crotalid) for spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and cadaverine. Most venoms contained all four polyamines, although some in essentially trace quantities. Spermine is a potentially significant component of many viperid and crotalid venoms (≤0.16% by mass, or 7.9 µmol/g); however, it is almost completely absent from elapid venoms assayed. All elapid venoms contained larger molar quantities of putrescine and cadaverine than spermine, but still at levels that are likely to be biologically insignificant. As with venom purines, polyamines impact numerous physiological targets in ways that are consistent with the objectives of prey envenomation, prey immobilization via hypotension and paralysis. Most venoms probably do not contain sufficient quantities of polyamines to induce systemic effects in prey; however, local effects seem probable. A review of the pharmacological literature suggests that spermine could contribute to prey hypotension and paralysis by interacting with
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.