ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Concomitant emergence of the antisense protein gene of HIV-1 and of the pandemic.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05243381 (Inflammation, NK Cells, Antisense Protein and Exosomes, and Correlation With Immune Response During HIV Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Inflammation, NK Cells, Antisense Protein and Exosomes, and Correlation With Immune Response During HIV Infection
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Dual Functionality of miRNAs During HIV Infection: From Viral Genome Suppression to Immune Response Modulation.Epigenomes · 2026Review
- Hydroxylation of the HIV-1 antisense protein promotes immune evasion of HIV-1 via modulation of TBK1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Gene Encoding the Antisense Protein ASP of HIV-1: Origin, Distribution and Maintenance.Viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Unveiling conserved HIV-1 open reading frames encoding T cell antigens using ribosome profiling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The influence of HIV sense and antisense transcripts on stochastic HIV transcription and reactivation.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Creation of the HIV-1 antisense geneMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Robustness of Felsenstein's Versus Transfer Bootstrap Supports With Respect to Taxon Sampling.Systematic biology · 2023Article
- Alternative Reading Frames are an Underappreciated Source of Protein Sequence Novelty.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Review
- Origin and functional role of antisense transcription in endogenous and exogenous retroviruses.Retrovirology · 2023Review
- Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation studies of HIV-1 antisense protein predict its potential role in HIV replication and pathogenesis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Defective HIV-1 genomes and their potential impact on HIV pathogenesis.Retrovirology · 2022Review
- Article
- Infectious RNA: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Biology, Therapeutic Intervention, and the Quest for a Vaccine.Toxins · 2022Review
- Article
- Functional and Pathogenic Roles of Retroviral Antisense Transcripts.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Biological factors in the synthetic construction of overlapping genes.BMC genomics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent experiments provide sound arguments in favor of the in vivo expression of the AntiSense Protein (ASP) of HIV-1. This putative protein is encoded on the antisense strand of the provirus genome and entirely overlapped by the env gene with reading frame -2. The existence of ASP was suggested in 1988, but is still controversial, and its function has yet to be determined. We used a large dataset of ∼23,000 HIV-1 and SIV sequences to study the origin, evolution, and conservation of the asp gene. We found that the ASP ORF is specific to group M of HIV-1, which is responsible for the human pandemic. Moreover, the correlation between the presence of asp and the prevalence of HIV-1 groups and M subtypes appeared to be statistically significant. We then looked for evidence of selection pressure acting on asp Using computer simulations, we showed that the conservation of the ASP ORF in the group M could not be due to chance. Standard methods were ineffective in disentangling the two selection pressures imposed by both the Env and ASP proteins-an expected outcome with overlaps in frame -2. We thus developed a method based on careful evolutionary analysis of the presence/absence of stop codons, revealing that ASP does impose significant selection pressure. All of these results support the idea that asp is the 10th gene of HIV-1 group M and indicate a correlation with the spread of the pandemic.
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