ArticleJournal of virology2016
Specific Inhibition of HIV Infection by the Action of Spironolactone in T Cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Effects of Eplerenone on Myocardial Perfusion and Function Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Results From the MIRACLE HIV Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Combining spironolactone to antiretroviral therapy accelerates HIV decay in humanized mice.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- The p400 complex promotes HIV-1 latency by suppressing viral transcription and altering the host cell state.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Transactivation of the novel 5' cis-acting element of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) by human retroviral transactivators Tat and Tax.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Silencing the transcriptionally active HIV reservoir to improve treatment outcomes.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Release of P-TEFb from the Super Elongation Complex promotes HIV-1 latency reversal.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Clinical Properties and Non-Clinical Testing of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in In Vitro Cell Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanisms and efficacy of small molecule latency-promoting agents to inhibit HIV reactivation ex vivo.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Release of P-TEFb from the Super Elongation Complex promotes HIV-1 latency reversal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ponatinib Represses Latent HIV-1 by Inhibiting AKT-mTOR.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Review
- Cure and Long-Term Remission Strategies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Coronary Vasculature and Myocardial Structure in HIV: Physiologic Insights From the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Review
- Topical Treatment of Human Skin and Cultured Keratinocytes with High-Dose Spironolactone Reduces XPB Expression and Induces Toxicity.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2021Article
- Review
- Shock-and-kill versus block-and-lock: Targeting the fluctuating and heterogeneous HIV-1 gene expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Article
- The XPB Subunit of the TFIIH Complex Plays a Critical Role in HIV-1 Transcription and XPB Inhibition by Spironolactone Prevents HIV-1 Reactivation from Latency.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Block-And-Lock: New Horizons for a Cure for HIV-1.Viruses · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tat protein, the HIV transactivator, regulates transcription of the HIV genome by the host transcription machinery. Efficient inhibitors of HIV transcription that target Tat or the cellular cofactor NF-κB are well known. However, inhibition of HIV Tat-dependent transcription by targeting the general transcription and DNA repair factor II human (TFIIH) has not been reported. Here, we show that spironolactone (SP), an aldosterone antagonist approved for clinical use, inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection of permissive T cells by blocking viral Tat-dependent transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR). We found that treatment of Jurkat and primary CD4 IMPORTANCE: Transcription from the HIV promoter is regulated by the combined activities of the host transcription machinery and the viral transactivator Tat protein. Here, we report that the drug spironolactone-an antagonist of aldosterone-blocks viral Tat-dependent transcription, thereby inhibiting both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection of permissive T cells. This inhibition relies on the degradation of the cellular helicase XPB, a component of the TFIIH transcription factor complex. Consequently, XPB appears to be a novel HIV cofactor. Our discovery of the HIV-inhibitory activity of spironolactone opens the way for the development of novel anti-HIV strategies targeting a cellular cofactor without the limitations of antiretroviral therapy of drug resistance and high cost.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.