ArticlePloS one
Differential Effects of p38, MAPK, PI3K or Rho Kinase Inhibitors on Bacterial Phagocytosis and Efferocytosis by Macrophages in COPD.
Article in PloS one. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- p38 MAPK signaling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and inhibitor therapeutics.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment of bacterial exposure on phagocytic capability and surface marker expression of sputum macrophages and neutrophils in COPD patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- COPD Biologics: Right Patient, Right Pathway, Right Time.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- The ErbB-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, neratinib, has anti-inflammatory effects in multimorbidity by increasing macrophage efferocytosis via the upregulation of MerTK.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2026Article
- Cholesterol efflux protein, ABCA1, supports anticancer functions of myeloid immune cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- From clinical phenotypes to cellular mechanisms: a precision medicine framework for COPD.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Coaxial Electrospraying for Black Seed Oil Nanoencapsulation: Improved Thymoquinone Stability and Bioactivity.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- PI3K Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of COPD with Associated Atherosclerosis.Drugs · 2025Review
- Review
- Macrophages and the microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Macrophage Polarization and Functions in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Efferocytosis and Respiratory Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens: A Complex Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- NRF2 Activation Reprograms Defects in Oxidative Metabolism to Restore Macrophage Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Progression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Dysregulated Neutrophil Phenotype and Function in Hospitalised Non-ICU COVID-19 Pneumonia.Cells · 2022Article
- Macrophage programming is regulated by a cooperative interaction between fatty acid binding protein 5 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Microbiome Modulation as a Novel Strategy to Treat and Prevent Respiratory Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation and bacterial colonization are central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Defects in macrophage phagocytosis of both bacteria and apoptotic cells contribute to the COPD phenotype. Small molecule inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity against p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and Rho kinase (ROCK) are being investigated as novel therapeutics in COPD. Concerns exist, however, about off-target effects. We investigated the effect of p38 MAPK inhibitors (VX745 and SCIO469), specific inhibitors of PI3K α (NVS-P13K-2), δ (NVS-P13K-3) or γ (NVS-P13K-5) and a ROCK inhibitor PF4950834 on macrophage phagocytosis, early intracellular killing of bacteria and efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from COPD patients (GOLD stage II/III) enrolled from a well characterized clinical cohort (MRC COPD-MAP consortium) or from healthy ex-smoker controls were studied. Both COPD AM and MDM exhibited lower levels of bacterial phagocytosis (using Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae) and efferocytosis than healthy controls. None of the inhibitors altered bacterial internalization or early intracellular bacterial killing in AM or MDM. Conversely PF4950834, but not other inhibitors, enhanced efferocytosis in COPD AM and MDM. These results suggest none of these inhibitors are likely to exacerbate phagocytosis-related defects in COPD, while confirming ROCK inhibitors can enhance efferocytosis in COPD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.