ArticleBiomaterials2016
Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo.
Article in Biomaterials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning-assisted mRNA vaccine pharmacovigilance: a systematic review of multi-source real-world data.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Pooled it
- RNA Drugs and RNA Targets for Small Molecules: Principles, Progress, and Challenges.Pharmacological reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Preparation of targeted lipid nanoparticles for precision nucleic acid delivery.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Advancements of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle links to gene editing and immune responses.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Review
- From LNPs to hybrid nanocarriers: development, challenges and redesign of non-viral gene delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- Site-Specifically Modified Circular Ribonucleic Acid Serves as Multitarget miRNA Sponge with Low Immunogenicity.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- A comprehensive analysis of the use of nucleoside analogues in RNA therapeutics.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- mRNA-Encoded Antibodies: An Emerging Paradigm in Antiviral Protection.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Computational Validation of Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine Targeting Streptococcus anginosus Surface Protein (TMPC) as an Effective Alternative Treatment to Reduce Gastric Cancer.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Impact of the Cell Cycle on mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Cross-protective efficacy of NA-based mRNA vaccine candidates against seasonal and avian influenza viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Unlocking mRNA-driven CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy via optimizing mRNA and the delivery vectors.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Synergistic effect of nucleoside modification and ionizable lipid composition on translation and immune responses to mRNA vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Sequence simplification of antigen coding IVT mRNA allows accelerated synthetic DNA template generation and epitope immunogenicity validation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Research progress of mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Lipid Nanoparticle Development for A Fluvid mRNA Vaccine Targeting Seasonal Influenza and SARS-CoV-2.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Multi-objective computational optimization of human 5' UTR sequences.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The importance of physiological and disease contexts in capturing mRNA modifications.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
mRNA has broad potential for treating diseases requiring protein expression. However, mRNA can also induce an immune response with associated toxicity. Replacement of uridine bases with pseudouridine has been postulated to modulate both mRNA immunogenicity and potency. Here, we explore the immune response and activity of lipid nanoparticle-formulated unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNAs administered systemically in vivo. Pseudouridine modification to mRNA had no significant effect on lipid nanoparticle physical properties, protein expression in vivo, or mRNA immunogenicity compared to unmodified mRNA when delivered systemically with liver-targeting lipid nanoparticles, but reduced in vitro transfection levels. Indicators of a transient, extracellular innate immune response to mRNA were observed, including neutrophilia, myeloid cell activation, and up-regulation of four serum cytokines. This study provides insight into the immune responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticles, and suggests that pseudouridine modifications may be unnecessary for therapeutic application of mRNA in the liver.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.