ReviewWorld journal of psychiatry2016
Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: Cause or consequence in that illness?
Review in World journal of psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resveratrol and Depression in Animal Models: A Systematic Review of the Biological Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Pooled it
- Assessing the Effects of Metabolic Disruption, Body Mass Index and Inflammation on Depressive Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Vortioxetine.Advances in therapy · 2024Trial
- Protocol for a randomized, controlled trial of a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation to promote resilience in healthy individuals.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Impact of sex chromosomes and gonad type in stress susceptibility in corticostriatal brain regions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An exploratory study of glycemic biomarkers and rTMS treatment outcomes in treatment-resistant depression.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The adiponectin-depression nexus: a brief review of mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Study of the Antidepressant Effects of the Combination of Agmatine and Melatonin Following Restraint Stress in Mice: the Role of Oxidative Factors.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Multidimensional neuropsychological heterogeneity in obstructive sleep apnea: deep clinical phenotyping in a single-center cohort, population proteomic context, and depressive-burden risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Investigating the Effects of Vortioxetine in an Experimental Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of NOD-like Receptor Protein-3 Inflammasome Pathway.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Association analysis between CD45 lymphocyte counts and the risk of major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- A novel brain-to-gut communication pathway mediated by astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles modulates stress-induced intestinal inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Length of mobile phone use mediating the effect of major depression on low back pain/sciatica: a mendelian randomization study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- DNA methylation of the IL6R gene moderates the association between biopsychosocial factors and depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sleep quality and the biological stress system during an internet-based intervention for major depressive disorder.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Suicide attempt predictors among adolescents exhibiting non-suicidal self-injury: A six-week follow-up open study.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between cytokines and neuropsychiatric symptoms in paediatric narcolepsy patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Cytokine-Related Genes and Inflammatory Profiles as Potential Biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Severe anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders worsen prognosis in patients with septic shock.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Tea and Its Active Ingredients in Preventing and Alleviating Depression: A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical value of the correlation between depression and cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression results from changes in the central nervous system (CNS) that may result from immunological abnormalities. The immune system affects the CNS through cytokines, which regulate brain activities and emotions. Cytokines affect two biological systems that are most associated with the pathophysiology of depression: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the catecholamine/sympathetic nervous system. Neuroinflammation and cytokines affect the brain signal patterns involved in the psychopathology of depression and the mechanisms of antidepressants, and they are associated with neurogenesis and neural plasticity. These observations suggest that neuroinflammation and cytokines might cause and/or maintain depression, and that they might be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of depression. This psychoneuroimmunologic perspective might compensate for some of the limitations of the monoamine theory by suggesting that depression is a result of a failure to adapt to stress and that inflammatory responses and cytokines are involved in this process. In this review, the interactions of cytokines with the CNS, neuroendocrine system, neurotransmitters, neurodegeneration/neurogenesis, and antidepressants are discussed. The roles of cytokines in the etiology and psychopathology of depression are examined. The use of cytokine inhibitors or anti-inflammatory drugs in depression treatment is explored. Finally, the significance and limitations of the cytokine hypothesis are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.