ArticlePreventive medicine2016
Trends in smoking prevalence and attributable mortality in China, 1991-2011.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06901713 (Protocol for a Smoking Cessation Program With CBT Text and Mindfulness Audio Support), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protocol for a Smoking Cessation Program With CBT Text and Mindfulness Audio Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implementation of a WeChat-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Chinese Smokers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Smoking cessation with CBT and mindfulness: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2026Article
- Mortality and morbidity burden associated with smoking: evidence from a 1.6 million cohort in Hong Kong.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of long-term trends and 15-year predictions of smoking-related bladder cancer burden in china across different age and sex groups from 1990 to 2021.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Lung cancer screening in people who have never smoked: lessons from East Asia.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Trends in incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer in china from 2004 to 2018: Projections to 2033 and decomposition analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
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- The role of exercise in restoring executive function: a comparison of tobacco-exposed college athletes and sedentary students.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Lung cancer burden and trends from 2000 to 2018 in China: Comparison between China and the United States.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2023Article
- Pancreatic Cancer and its Attributable Risk Factors in East Asia, Now and Future.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Relationship between cancer stem cell-related SNPs and survival outcomes in patients with primary lung cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Trends and regional variations in chronic diseases and their risk factors in China: an observational study based on National Health Service Surveys.International journal for equity in health · 2023Observational
- Time Trend of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 and Analysis Using an Age-Period-Cohort Model.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Gender disparities in incidence and projections of lung cancer in China and the United States from 1978 to 2032: an age-period-cohort analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Associations of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with Loneliness, Depression, and Loss of Interest Among Chinese Older Males and Females.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2022Article
- Smoking control in China: A need for comprehensive national legislation.PLoS medicine · 2022Article
- Trends in smoking prevalence in urban and rural China, 2007 to 2018: Findings from 5 consecutive nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.PLoS medicine · 2022Article
- Incidence and mortality trends of nasopharynx cancer from 1990 to 2019 in China: an age-period-cohort analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveChina is the largest producer of tobacco worldwide. We assessed secular trends in prevalence of smoking, average cigarettes per day, mean age of initiation, and mortality attributable to smoking among the Chinese population between 1991 and 2011.
designData came from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, conducted eight times between 1991 and 2011. A total of 83,447 participants aged 15years or older were included in this study. Trends in smoking were stratified by sex, age, and region (urban vs. rural).
resultsIn 2011, 311 millions individuals were current smokers in China, with 295 million men and 16 million women, respectively. Between 1991 and 2011, the prevalence of current smoking decreased from 60.6% to 51.6% in men, and from 4.0% to 2.9% in women. However, during this period, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day per smoker increased from 15.0 to 16.5 in males, and from 8.5 to 12.4 in females. Further, age of smoking initiation decreased from 21.9 to 21.4years in men and from 31.4 to 28.4years in women. In 2011, 16.5% of all deaths in men and 1.7% in women were due to smoking. Between 1991 and 2011, the total number of deaths caused by smoking increased from 800,000 to 900,000.
conclusionsDuring the past 20years, a slight decrease in smoking prevalence was observed in the Chinese population. However, cigarette smoking remains a major cause of death in China, especially in men.
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