ArticleAIDS (London, England)2016
Hydroxytyrosol: a new class of microbicide displaying broad anti-HIV-1 activity.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive review ofRSC advances · 2026Review
- In Vitro Influenza A Virus-Inactivating Activity of HIDROXPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hydroxytyrosol as a Mitochondrial Homeostasis Regulator: Implications in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydroxytyrosol: biological activities and potential application in livestock production.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Hydroxytyrosol isolation, comparison of synthetic routes and potential biological activities.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- ECHOPvir: A Mixture of Echinacea and Hop Extracts Endowed with Cytoprotective, Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Hydroxytyrosol and Arginine as Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunostimulant Dietary Supplements for COVID-19 and Long COVID.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antiviral activity of medicinal plant-derived products against SARS-CoV-2.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Modern vision of the Mediterranean diet.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Discovery of hydroxytyrosol as thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor to induce apoptosis and GExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Potential Effects of Phenolic Compounds That Can Be Found in Olive Oil on Wound Healing.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- XRD and ATR-FTIR techniques for integrity assessment of gamma radiation sterilized cortical bone pretreated by antioxidants.Cell and tissue banking · 2021Article
- The SARS-CoV-2-Inactivating Activity of Hydroxytyrosol-Rich Aqueous Olive Pulp Extract (HIDROXViruses · 2021Article
- Do nutrients and other bioactive molecules from foods have anything to say in the treatment against COVID-19?Environmental research · 2020Article
- Pilot study for the evaluation of safety profile of a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2020Observational
- Review
- New Dihydroxytyrosyl Esters from Dicarboxylic Acids: Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (ABTS) and in Cell-Cultures (DCF Assay).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Anti-influenza virus activity of the elenolic acid rich olive leaf (Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the toxicity and activity against HIV of 5-hydroxytyrosol as a potential microbicide.
designThe anti-HIV-1 activity of 5-hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound, was tested against wild-type HIV-1 and viral clones resistant to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors and integrase inhibitors. In addition to its activity against founder viruses, different viral subtypes and potential synergy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and emtricitabine was also tested. 5-Hydroxytyrosol toxicity was evaluated in vivo in rabbit vaginal mucosa.
methodsWe have cloned pol gene from drug-resistant HIV-1 isolated from infected patients and env gene from Fiebeg III/IV patients or A, C, D, E, F and G subtypes in the NL4.3-Ren backbone. 5-Hydroxytyrosol anti-HIV-1 activity was evaluated in infections of MT-2, U87-CCR5 or peripheral blood mononuclear cells preactivated with phytohemagglutinin + interleukin-2 with viruses obtained through 293T transfections. Inhibitory concentration 50% and cytotoxic concentration 50% were calculated. Synergy was analysed according to Chou and Talalay method. In-vivo toxicity was evaluated for 14 days in rabbit vaginal mucosa.
results5-Hydroxytyrosol inhibited HIV-1 infections of recombinant or wild-type viruses in all the target cells tested. Moreover, 5-hydroxytyrosol showed similar inhibitory concentration 50% values for infections with NRTIs, NNRTIs, protease inhibitors and INIs resistant viruses; founder viruses and all the subtypes tested. Combination of 5-hydroxytyrosol with tenofovir was found to be synergistic, whereas it was additive with lamivudine and emtricitabine. In-vivo toxicity of 5-hydroxytyrosol was very low even at the highest tested doses.
conclusion5-Hydroxytyrosol displayed a broad anti-HIV-1 activity in different cells systems in the absent of in-vivo toxicity, therefore supporting its candidacy as a potential new class of microbicides.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.