ArticleAIDS (London, England)2016
Immune tolerance properties of the testicular tissue as a viral sanctuary site in ART-treated HIV-infected adults.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Identification of inducible HIV reservoirs in tonsillar, intestinal and cervical tissue models of HIV latency.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals dynamic reprogramming of testicular immunity inZoological research · 2025Article
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- Heterogeneous Antiretroviral Drug Exposure in Male and Female Genital Tract Tissues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
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- Phenotyping Viral Reservoirs to Reveal HIV-1 Hiding Places.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Retinoic acid enhances HIV-1 reverse transcription and transcription in macrophages via mTOR-modulated mechanisms.Cell reports · 2024Article
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- Viral Infections and Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Review
- More than a Gender Issue: Testis as a Distinctive HIV Reservoir and Its Implication for Viral Eradication.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Drug transport across the blood-testis barrier.American journal of translational research · 2022Review
- The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Testicular Immune Regulation: A Delicate Balance Between Immune Function and Immune Privilege.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- HIV persistence in subsets of CD4+ T cells: 50 shades of reservoirs.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
- Potential for Virus Endogenization in Humans through Testicular Germ Cell Infection: the Case of HIV.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications in Men.Sexual medicine reviews · 2020Review
- HIV-1 Sanctuary Sites-the Role of Membrane-Associated Drug Transporters and Drug Metabolic Enzymes.The AAPS journal · 2020Review
- The multifaceted nature of HIV latency.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Review
- Review
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13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveHIV persistence in long-lived infected cells and in anatomical sanctuary sites are major hurdles to HIV eradication. Testicular tissue may represent a significant viral sanctuary site as it constitutes an immunologically privileged compartment. We assessed immunotolerance properties of the testicular tissue in individuals receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN AND
methodsTesticular tissue and matched blood samples were collected from six virally suppressed adults and 10 HIV-uninfected controls prior to sex reassignment surgery. T cells were purified from freshly isolated testicular interstitial cell suspensions. T-cell subsets, expression of immune activation markers and HIV DNA were assessed in matched testicular cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
resultsWhen compared with PBMCs, testes were characterized by a lower CD4 T-cell proportion among total T cells, a decrease in the frequency of naive cells, an increase in the frequency of effector-memory T cells and an increase in CCR5 expression in both the HIV+ and HIV- groups. In HIV-infected individuals on ART, testes displayed higher T-cell immune activation (Coexpression of CD38 and Human Leukocyte Antigen - antigen D Related) than PBMCs. In both groups, testes were characterized by higher frequencies of immunosuppressive CD39 regulatory T cells and a massive increase in CD73 expression on CD8 T cells. In addition, a remarkable increase in indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase immunosuppressive enzyme involved in tryptophan/kynurenine catabolism was observed in testes versus blood. Rare cells harboring HIV DNA were detected in testes from five out six participants.
conclusionThese findings suggest that the adenosine and tryptophan/kynurenine immune-metabolic pathways contribute to immune tolerance in testicular tissue. Our results suggest that testes may represent a distinctive HIV sanctuary site during ART.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.