Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27672484›Full record

ArticleInnovations in clinical neuroscience

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Mental Disorders Compared with Other Diseases.

Joanna P MacEwan, Seth Seabury, Myrlene Sanon Aigbogun, Siddhesh Kamat, Emma van Eijndhoven, Clement Francois, Crystal Henderson, Leslie Citrome

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in Innovations in clinical neuroscience. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Review
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  11. Why are somatic diseases in bipolar disorder insufficiently treated?International journal of bipolar disorders · 2019
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Joanna P MacEwanDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Seth SeaburyDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Myrlene Sanon AigbogunDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Siddhesh KamatDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Emma van EijndhovenDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Clement FrancoisDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Crystal HendersonDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Leslie CitromeDr. MacEwan and Ms. van Eijndhoven are with Precision Health Economics in Los Angeles, California, USA; Dr. Seabury is with the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Ms. Aigbogun, Mr. Kamat, and Dr. Henderson are with Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Dr. Francois is with Lundbeck LLC in Deerfield, Illinois, USA; and Dr. Citrome is with the New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess the level of private and public investment in research and development of treatments for schizophrenia and other mental disorders compared to other diseases in order to present data on the economic burden and pharmaceutical innovation by disease area, and to compare the level of investment relative to burden across different diseases.

designThe levels of investment and pharmaceutical innovation relative to burden across different diseases were assessed. Disease burden and prevalence for mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder); cancer; rheumatoid arthritis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; diabetes; cardiovascular disease; and neurological disorders (dementia and epilepsy) were estimated from literature sources.

settingPharmaceutical treatment innovation was measured by the total number of drug launches and the number of drugs launched categorized by innovativeness. Research and development expenditures were estimated using published information on annual public and domestic private research and development expenditures by disease area. Lastly, investment relative to disease burden was measured among the set of disease classes for which all three measures were available: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurology (dementia and epilepsy combined).

resultsThe level of investment and pharmaceutical innovation in mental disorders was comparatively low, especially relative to the burden of disease. For mental disorders, investment was $3.1 per $1,000 burden invested in research and development for schizophrenia, $1.8 for major depressive disorder, and $0.4 for bipolar disorder relative to cancer ($75.5), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ($9.4), diabetes ($7.6), cardiovascular disease ($6.3), or rheumatoid arthritis ($5.3). Pharmaceutical innovation was also low for mental disorders.

conclusionDespite the significant burden mental disorders impose on society, investment and pharmaceutical innovation in this disease area remains comparatively low. Policymakers should consider new strategies to stimulate public and private investment in the research and development of novel and effective therapies to treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders.

Indexed as

bipolar disorderdisease burdenexpendituresmajor depressive disorderMental disorderspharmaceutical innovationresearch and developmentschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID27672484
PMCPMC5022985

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.