ArticleJournal of substance abuse treatment2016
Opioid Overdose Experience, Risk Behaviors, and Knowledge in Drug Users from a Rural versus an Urban Setting.
Article in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Pooled it
- Stimulant use and increased severity of opioid use disorder and mental illness in patients with co-occurring disorders.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Trial
- Addressing Chronic Pain Among Rural Residents Engaging in Hazardous Drinking: A Mobile Health Intervention Pilot Study.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Trial
- Higher prevalence of non-fatal overdose with opioid and stimulant use compared to use of opioids alone.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Variation in knowledge and attitudes among overdose prevention collaborations: Insights from fatality review teams.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- History of Naloxone Possession Among Rural and Urban Individuals Participating in Prison-Based Treatment: An Observational Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Observational
- A comparison of opioid overdose risk behaviors by race and ethnicity among overdose survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A Novel Index Measure of Housing-Related Risk as a Predictor of Overdose Among Young People Who Inject Drugs and Injection Networks.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Rural-Urban Suicide Mortality Disparities in High-Burden U.S. States: An Intersectional Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Opioid Overdose Risk Behaviors by Race and Ethnicity Among Overdose Survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Research square · 2026Article
- Understanding the association between medical mistrust, opioid knowledge, and stigma towards adults with a history of an opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use · 2025Article
- Non-fatal Overdose and Associated Factors Among People Who Use Opioids: Findings From a Cross-sectional Study.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Burden of Opioid Use Disorder and Non-fatal Opioid Overdose in American Indian and Alaskan Native Populations Using the Cerner Real-World Data™ Database.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The Police Opioid Seizure Temporal Risk (POSTeR) model of increased exposure to fatal overdose.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Implementation of a rural emergency department-initiated buprenorphine program in the mountain west: a study protocol.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Naloxone Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Overdose Response Among Family Members of People who Misuse Opioids.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Overdose Experiences Among a Sample of Women in Jail with Opioid Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Recent and lifetime maternal substance use: Rurality and economic distress.Research in nursing & health · 2023Article
- Geographic differences in the magnitude of black-white disparities in having obesity.Obesity science & practice · 2023Article
- Technology-Assisted Buprenorphine Treatment in Rural and Nonrural Settings: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOpioid use is highly prevalent in the United States and there has been an increased incidence in the rate of opioid-related overdose. While evidence suggests there are substantial differences in opioid use among rural versus urban settings, the rate of overdose and corresponding frequency of opioid overdose risk behaviors and overdose knowledge between rural and urban settings have not been examined.
methodsIndividuals with opioid use disorder from rural (N=98) and urban (N=247) settings completed a self-report survey regarding their lifetime history of overdose and overdose risk behaviors. Participants also completed the Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge (BOOK) questionnaire, a 12-item self-report measure of opioid overdose knowledge.
resultsOverall, 35.6% of participants had experienced an overdose, and prevalence of overdose was significantly higher (p<.01) among rural (45.9%) vs. urban (31.6%) participants, though fewer rural participants reported past 30-day risk behaviors. There were few differences observed between the subset of rural and urban participants who had experienced an overdose, and fewer rural participants with a history of overdose reported past 30-day risk behaviors. Both rural and urban participants performed poorly on the BOOK, though the percent of correct responses was lowest among rural participants with a history of overdose.
conclusionResults demonstrate higher rates of overdose among rural opioid users, though rural participants were less likely to report recent risk behaviors. Results also suggest that knowledge regarding key factors related to opioid overdose is severely lacking, particularly among rural opioid users, which could be a potential target for future intervention efforts.
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