ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2016
Effectiveness of pertussis vaccination and duration of immunity.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pertactin deficiency ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- A multi-country, multi-year, meta-analytic evaluation of the sex differences in age-specific pertussis incidence rates.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Pertussis in Adults After a First Acellular Booster Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- A time-delayed mathematical framework for analyzing pertussis transmission dynamics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and vaccination history analysis of pertussis in Quzhou from 2005 to 2024.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Outcomes of Pertussis in Hospitalized Children in Relation to Available Vaccination Status: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of pertussis in Shapingba District, China, 2014-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Impact of vaccination on pertussis-related hospital admissions in children in Scotland from January 2013 to July 2024: a cohort study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Transmission Dynamics and Parameters for Pertussis during School-Based Outbreak, South Korea, 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- [Analysis of the Pertussis Status in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province in 2024].Jugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong · 2025Article
- Pertussis before, during and after Covid-19.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Real-World Effectiveness of 3 Types of Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Among Children Aged 3 Months-16 Years in Lu'an, China: A Matched Case-Control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Pertussis resurgence: epidemiological trends, pathogenic mechanisms, and preventive strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Low maternal pertussis protection and quantified infant risk: supporting maternal Tdap vaccination in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The contributions of T cell-mediated immunity to protection from vaccine-preventable diseases: A primer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Kevin L SchwartzInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. kevin.schwartz@oahpp.ca.
Jeffrey C KwongInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Shelley L DeeksInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Michael A CampitelliInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Frances B JamiesonInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Alex Marchand-AustinInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Therese A StukelInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Laura RosellaInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Nick DanemanInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Shelly BolotinInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Steven J DrewsInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Heather RilkoffInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Natasha S CrowcroftInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Schwartz, Kwong, Campitelli, Stukel, Daneman); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Schwartz, Stukel, Rosella, Daneman), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Schwartz); Public Health Ontario (Kwong, Deeks, Rosella, Rilkoff, Crowcroft); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kwong, Deeks, Bolotin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kwong), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Kwong); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Crowcroft), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario Laboratory Services (Jamieson, Marchand-Austin); Toronto, Ont.; ProvLab Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital (Drews); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drews), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
University Health Network · CAProvincial Laboratory of Public Health · CAPublic Health Ontario · CAInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences · CA
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA resurgence of pertussis cases among both vaccinated and unvaccinated people raises questions about vaccine effectiveness over time. Our objective was to study the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine and characterize the effect of waning immunity and whole-cell vaccine priming.
methodsWe used the test-negative design, a nested case-control study with test-negative individuals as controls. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs). Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - OR) × 100. We assessed waning immunity by calculating the odds of developing pertussis per year since last vaccination and evaluated the relative effectiveness of priming with acellular versus whole-cell vaccine.
resultsBetween Dec. 7, 2009, and Mar. 31, 2013, data on 5867 individuals (486 test-positive cases and 5381 test-negative controls) were available for analysis. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71% to 86%) at 15-364 days, 84% (95% CI 77% to 89%) at 1-3 years, 62% (95% CI 42% to 75%) at 4-7 years and 41% (95% CI 0% to 66%) at 8 or more years since last vaccination. We observed waning immunity with the acellular vaccine, with an adjusted OR for pertussis infection of 1.27 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.34) per year since last vaccination. Acellular, versus whole-cell, vaccine priming was associated with an increased odds of pertussis (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.57).
interpretationWe observed high early effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine that rapidly declined as time since last vaccination surpassed 4 years, particularly with acellular vaccine priming. Considering whole-cell vaccine priming and/or boosters in pregnancy to optimize pertussis control may be prudent.
Indexed as
Immunity, ActiveAdolescentCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolDisease OutbreaksFemaleHumansImmunization ScheduleIncidenceInfantLogistic ModelsMaleMultivariate AnalysisOdds RatioOntarioPertussis Vaccine
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.