ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2016
CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- CRISPR-Cas systems as next-generation antimicrobials: a systemic review of mechanisms, delivery strategies, and translational challenges.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- A host-encoded prophage targets a Candidate Phyla Radiation bacterium and shapes episymbiotic interactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Drivers of the paradigm shift in norovirus diagnostics: technological innovation, contextual demands, and collaborative synergy.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Applications of synthetic biology in biomedicine.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Emerging Frontiers in CRISPR-Based Strategies for the Detection and Degradation of Microplastics.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-CRISPR function of AcrIIA13b protein.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- New Insights into CRISPR-like Arrays inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- It's not me, it's you: Anti-phage nuclease specificity inside a bacterium.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Synthetic Biology of Plants and Microbes for Agriculture, Environment, and Future Applications.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Nanocarrier-mediated CRISPR-Cas delivery: a novel approach against antibiotic-resistant superbugs.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- Advances in gene editing for legume improvement: technologies, progress, and prospects.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- An overview of CRISPR-artificial intelligence theranostics: Current and emerging applications.Biomaterials translational · 2026Review
- CRISPR-Cas targeting inmicroLife · 2026Article
- Avian PathogenicVeterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring CRISPR-Cas: The transformative impact of gene editing in molecular biology.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: From Bacterial Bioprospecting to Artificial Intelligence.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Review
- CRISPR Technology in Disease Management: An Updated Review of Clinical Translation and Therapeutic Potential.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- AI and Biotechnology to Combat Aflatoxins: Future Directions for Modern Technologies in Reducing Aflatoxin Risk.Toxins · 2025Review
- Bioinformatic Identification of CRISPR-Cas Systems inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CRISPR-Cas opens a new era of antimicrobial therapy as a powerful gene editing tool.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prokaryotes have evolved several defence mechanisms to protect themselves from viral predators. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated proteins (Cas) display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorizes previous infections by integrating short sequences of invading genomes-termed spacers-into the CRISPR locus. The spacers interspaced with repeats are expressed as small guide CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that are employed by Cas proteins to target invaders sequence-specifically upon a reoccurring infection. The ability of the minimal CRISPR-Cas9 system to target DNA sequences using programmable RNAs has opened new avenues in genome editing in a broad range of cells and organisms with high potential in therapeutical applications. While numerous scientific studies have shed light on the biochemical processes behind CRISPR-Cas systems, several aspects of the immunity steps, however, still lack sufficient understanding. This review summarizes major discoveries in the CRISPR-Cas field, discusses the role of CRISPR-Cas in prokaryotic immunity and other physiological properties, and describes applications of the system as a DNA editing technology and antimicrobial agent.This article is part of the themed issue 'The new bacteriology'.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.