ArticleScientific reports2016
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural regeneration by the CNS extracellular matrix.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Chimeric brain models to study human glial-neuronal and macroglial-microglial interactions.Cell reports · 2026Article
- The roles of pleiotrophin in brain injuries: a narrative review of the literature.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of astrocyte-secreted pleiotrophin contributes to neuronal structural and functional deficits in Down syndrome.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Second harmonic generation for brain imaging: pathology-related studies.Biophysical reviews · 2025Article
- A dual role for pleiotrophin in modulating inflammation and myelination in the presence of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after nervous system injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Human-Mouse Chimeric Brain Models to Study Human Glial-Neuronal and Macroglial-Microglial Interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Perineuronal Net Microscopy: From Brain Pathology to Artificial Intelligence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Dendrite regeneration mediates functional recovery after complete dendrite removal.Developmental biology · 2023Article
- The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Combined with Nano-Hydrogel Promote Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.Biology · 2022Article
- New insights into glial scar formation after spinal cord injury.Cell and tissue research · 2022Review
- Late-stage rescue of visually guided behavior in the context of a significantly remodeled retinitis pigmentosa mouse model.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Low-Molecular Weight Protamine Overcomes Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibition of Neural Regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Assessing the Angiogenic Efficacy of Pleiotrophin Released from Injectable Heparin-Alginate Gels.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2021Article
- The CNS/PNS Extracellular Matrix Provides Instructive Guidance Cues to Neural Cells and Neuroregulatory Proteins in Neural Development and Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- One Raft to Guide Them All, and in Axon Regeneration Inhibit Them.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Pleiotrophin interacts with glycosaminoglycans in a highly flexible and adaptable manner.FEBS letters · 2021Article
- Heparin-Binding Growth-Associated Molecule (Pleiotrophin) Affects Sensory Signaling and Selected Motor Functions in Mouse Model of Anatomically Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans inhibit regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS). We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. The CS-bound HB-GAM promotes neurite growth through binding to the cell surface proteoglycan glypican-2; furthermore, HB-GAM abrogates the CS ligand binding to the inhibitory receptor PTPσ (protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma). Our in vivo studies using two-photon imaging of CNS injuries support the in vitro studies and show that HB-GAM increases dendrite regeneration in the adult cerebral cortex and axonal regeneration in the adult spinal cord. Our findings may enable the development of novel therapies for CNS injuries.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.