ReviewDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2016
When Is It Important to Measure Unbound Drug in Evaluating Nanomedicine Pharmacokinetics?
Review in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population pharmacokinetic and exposure-toxicity analyses of nab-paclitaxel after pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Bioequivalence of paclitaxel protein-bound particles in patients with breast cancer: determining total and unbound paclitaxel in plasma by rapid equilibrium dialysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Trial
- From bench to bedside: Overcoming translational hurdles in nanoparticle research with pharmacokinetic modeling.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Automating Vascular Biology: An End-to-End Automated Workflow for High-Throughput Blood Vessel-on-a-Chip Production and Multi-Site Validation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Hepatoprotective Effect of Silymarin Herb in Prevention of Liver Dysfunction Using Pig as Animal Model.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Package delivered: folate receptor-mediated transporters in cancer therapy and diagnosis.Chemical science · 2024Review
- Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2023Review
- The Hitchhiker's Guide to Human Therapeutic Nanoparticle Development.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Matrix Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Calyces ofPharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of structured DNA assemblies as gene therapeutic delivery and vaccine vectors.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- Perspectives on Nanodelivery to the Brain: Prerequisites for Successful Brain Treatment.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Distinguishing Pharmacokinetics of Marketed Nanomedicine Formulations Using a Stable Isotope Tracer Assay.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Total and Unbound Paclitaxel After Administration of Paclitaxel Micellar or Nab-Paclitaxel: An Open, Randomized, Cross-Over, Explorative Study in Breast Cancer Patients.Advances in therapy · 2019Article
- Mapping of the available standards against the regulatory needs for nanomedicines.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2019Review
- Impact of bovine respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and tulathromycin in different ages of calves.PloS one · 2019Article
- A Novel Liposomal S-Propargyl-Cysteine: A Sustained Release of Hydrogen Sulfide Reducing Myocardial Fibrosis via TGF-β1/Smad Pathway.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Article
- Bioavailability of Eurycomanone in Its Pure Form and in a StandardisedPharmaceutics · 2018Article
- The Role of TRP Channels in the Metastatic Cascade.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic (MBPK) models describe the complex plasma kinetics of three antiretrovirals delivered by a long-acting anti-HIV drug combination nanoparticle formulation.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nanoformulations have become important tools for modifying drug disposition, be it from the perspective of enabling prolonged drug release, protecting the drug molecule from metabolism, or achieving targeted delivery. When examining the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of these formulations, most investigations either focus on systemic concentrations of total (encapsulated plus unencapsulated) drug, or concentrations of encapsulated and unencapsulated drug. However, it is rare to find studies that differentiate between protein-bound and unbound (free) forms of the unencapsulated drug. In light of the unique attributes of these formulations, we cannot simply assume it appropriate to rely upon the protein-binding properties of the traditionally formulated or legacy drug when trying to define the pharmacokinetic or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of these nanoformulations. Therefore, this commentary explores reasons why it is important to consider not only unencapsulated drug, but also the portion of unencapsulated drug that is not bound to plasma proteins. Specifically, we highlight those situations when it may be necessary to include measurement of unencapsulated, unbound drug concentrations as part of the nanoformulation pharmacokinetic evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.