Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27667656›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2016

Global patterns of workplace productivity for people with depression: absenteeism and presenteeism costs across eight diverse countries.

S Evans-Lacko, M Knapp

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04234776 (Intramuscular Ketamine Versus Escitalopram and Aripiprazole in Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 162 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
162citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04234776 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Intramuscular Ketamine Versus Escitalopram and Aripiprazole in Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Sao PauloRan2018 to 2021Enrolled88ConditionsDepressive DisorderArmsKetamine, Cognition, Suicide risk, Depression thoughts, Quality of life and disability
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

162 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
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  11. Psychometric assessment of EQ-5D-5L and ReQoL measures in patients with anxiety and depression: construct validity and responsiveness.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021
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102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

S Evans-LackoPersonal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK. S.Evans-Lacko@lse.ac.uk.
M KnappPersonal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDepression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Research suggests that by far, the greatest contributor to the overall economic impact of depression is loss in productivity; however, there is very little research on the costs of depression outside of Western high-income countries. Thus, this study examines the impact of depression on workplace productivity across eight diverse countries.

methodsWe estimated the extent and costs of depression-related absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace across eight countries: Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, South Africa, and the USA. We also examined the individual, workplace, and societal factors associated with lower productivity.

resultsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of depression on workplace productivity across a diverse set of countries, in terms of both culture and GDP. Mean annual per person costs for absenteeism were lowest in South Korea at $181 and highest in Japan ($2674). Mean presenteeism costs per person were highest in the USA ($5524) and Brazil ($5788). Costs associated with presenteeism tended to be 5-10 times higher than those associated with absenteeism.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that the impact of depression in the workplace is considerable across all countries, both in absolute monetary terms and in relation to proportion of country GDP. Overall, depression is an issue deserving much greater attention, regardless of a country's economic development, national income or culture.

Indexed as

AbsenteeismEfficiencyPresenteeismAdultBrazilCanadaChinaCosts and Cost AnalysisDepressionDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansJapanMaleMexicoMiddle AgedDepressionEmploymentMental healthProductivityStigma

Identifiers

PMID27667656
PMCPMC5101346

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.