ArticleInternational journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology2017
Heritability of startle reactivity and affect modified startle.
Article in International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distal pup cues attenuate defensive reactivity and fear-potentiated startle magnitude in postpartum rats without altering sensorimotor gating.Behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Genetic and Environmental Influences on Fear Learning and Generalization.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Neurophysiology of predictable unpleasant event processing in pre-adolescents and early adolescents, part II: Reflex and event-related potential markers of defensive reactivity and peripheral attention modulation.Developmental psychobiology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of False Alarm in Response to Fear Stimulus: An Event-Related Potential Study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Fear-potentiated startle response as an endophenotype: Evaluating metrics and methods for genetic applications.Psychophysiology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Startle reflex and affect-modified startle reflex are used as indicators of defensive reactivity and emotional processing, respectively. The present study investigated the heritability of both the startle blink reflex and affect modification of this reflex in a community sample of 772 twins ages 14-15years old. Subjects were shown affective picture slides falling in three valence categories: negative, positive and neutral; crossed with two arousal categories: high arousal and low arousal. Some of these slides were accompanied with a loud startling noise. Results suggested sex differences in mean levels of startle reflex as well as in proportions of variance explained by genetic and environmental factors. Females had higher mean startle blink amplitudes for each valence-arousal slide category, indicating greater baseline defensive reactivity compared to males. Startle blink reflex in males was significantly heritable (49%), whereas in females, variance was explained primarily by shared environmental factors (53%) and non-shared environmental factors (41%). Heritability of affect modified startle (AMS) was found to be negligible in both males and females. These results suggest sex differences in the etiology of startle reactivity, while questioning the utility of the startle paradigm for understanding the genetic basis of emotional processing.
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